14 



Scott (J. W.). Insect Transmission of Swamp Fever. — Science, 

 Lancaster, Pa., xlii, no. 1088, 5th November 1915, p. 659. 



During the summer of 1914, a case of swamp fever was obtained 

 experimentally by the author, and the conditions of the experiment 

 showed that the disease was contracted through the agency of biting 

 in'^ects. This serious and destructive blood disease of the horse has 

 been reported from France, Germany and Japan, and is widely dis- 

 tributed in North America. It occurs from near sea-level to at least 

 9,000 feet, usually in swampy regions, but has been also reported from 

 wooded districts. The disease shows a seasonal distribution, reaching 

 a maximum in late summer or early autumn. In France it was 

 supposed that natural transmission was by drinking water con- 

 taminated with urine or faeces from an infected horse. Experiments 

 conducted at Wyoming in this direction during 1912-13 gave negative 

 results. Later investigations carried out by the author in the attempt 

 to find some external agent which acted as a carrier of the disease led 

 him to the belief that the stable-fly [Stomoxys calcifrans] was responsible 

 for transmission. This conclusion was based on the following reasons : 

 (1) Stable-flies were observed to attack the horses repeatedly and in 

 large numbers ; (2) negative results of other experiments showed that 

 mosquitos were not responsible ; (3) house-flies do not bite, and other, 

 flies present in the experimental cages did not attack the horses so far 

 as could be observed. 



FuscHiNi (C). Ancora sulla distruzione delle mosche. [A further 

 note on the destruction of flies.] — Riv. Vide. Enol. Agrar., 

 Conegliano, xxi, no. 18, 15th September 1915, pp. 425-426. 



To destroy flies, bread, in slices from I to | of an inch thick, dried 

 in the sun to increase its absorbent properties, is soaked in a 10 per 

 cent, solution of commercial formalin to which a little milk has been 

 added. The slices are laid on plates or pieces of paper, in the places 

 where the flies are most abundant. Within a quarter of an hour the 

 flies begin to die ; owing to the action of formalin, the bodies dry 

 rapidly without putrefying. 



Carpaxo (M.). La febbre della costa Mediterranea ; Piroplasmosi tipo 

 "parvum" nei bovini del basso bacino del Mediterraneo. [Medi- 

 terranean coast fever; piroplasmosis of the " parui^m " type in 

 cattle of the lower basin of the Mediterranean.] — Ann. Igiene 

 Speriment., Turin, xxv, no. 4, 1915, pp. 343-410, 18 figs., 2 plates. 



In the Italian colony of Libya, as in the whole lower basin of the 

 Mediterranean, a disease of cattle occurs which is especially serious 

 in imported animals ; the symptoms resemble those of African East 

 Coast fever and tropical piroplasmosis. It is stated to be due to 

 Theileria parva and Piro'plasma annidatum, and is called Mediterranean 

 Coast fever by the author, who was sent by the Italian Ministry of War 

 to study it. On the coast of Libya the natives are not acquainted 

 with this fever, owing to its very mild and sporadic character in the 

 indigenous animal. Imported cattle, chiefly those from regions where 



