19 



any diminution in these animals would lead to a corresponding diminu- 

 tion in the number of flies. It is recommended that all restrictions be 

 removed regarding the pursuit and killing of wild game in fly- areas. 

 The natives should be permitted to use their own methods and should 

 be provided with a certain number of guns. The removal of infected 

 natives into fly-free areas is suggested, as this would avoid the necessity 

 for segregation camps. The clearing of forest round villages is con- 

 sidered useful, as it helps to keep the fly away from the village proper, 

 lets in sunlight and air and keeps wild animals at a distance. For 

 purposes of administration it is advisable to collect natives into fairly 

 large villages, rather than allow them to live in single huts scattered 

 through the bush. Prophylaxis and treatment of the disease by drugs 

 is at present considered to be of little or no practical use. 



It is asserted that this problem cannot be attacked with any chance 

 of success from the side of the fly alone. The fly-country in Nyasaland 

 comprises some 5,000 square miles, much of which is thinly populated. 

 The opinion is expressed that it is quite impracticable to lessen the 

 number of flies to any material extent by destroying them or their 

 pupae, and that when the country becomes opened up, the big game 

 will disappear and the flies wdth them. 



Garden (G.). Nyasaland Protectorate. — Ann. Rept. Dept. Agric. for 

 the year ending 31st March 1915, Veterinary Div., Zomba, 1915, 

 pp. 29-32. 



An outbreak of trypanosomiasis in the Fort Johnston district 

 resulted in the death of a large number of animals, and the abandonment 

 of Fort Johnston as a Government cattle station was consequently 

 advised. It was found that the two tsetse areas formerly divided by 

 the river had apparently been linked up. It is considered that this 

 can only be accounted for by the falling of the river. Some 4 or 5 

 years ago, its width opposite the township averaged not less than 

 120 yards, while this is now reduced to 50 yards and the current has 

 entirely disappeared. The fly areas in the Northern district are 

 apparently increasing. 



An outbreak of the disease on the Zomba-Blantyre Road comcided 

 as regards the season with previously recorded outbreaks there. 



Messore (L.). Relazione della campagna antimalarica nel territorio 

 di Marcianise nell' anno 1913. [Report on the anti-malarial 

 campaign in the Marcianise district in 1913.] — La Malar iologica, 

 Naples, viii, no. 5, 15th October 1915, pp. 119-129. 



Though cases of malaria have rapidly diminished in the Marcianise 

 district of Campania since the State distribution of quinine was 

 begun, they still persist owing to the injflux of agricultural labour from 

 neighbouring districts and also owing to the large number of tanks 

 in which hemp- — the chief product of the region- — is steeped during 

 the summer for the preparation of the fibre. During the process the 

 water becomes too foul for the breeding of Anopheles, but earlier in 

 the season these tanks contain rain-water. 



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