temperate regions. In the United States it occurs in the southern 

 and south-western parts, and appears to be spreading. Dermatophilns 

 'penetrans, L. (chigger flea), occurs in Florida, West Indies, Mexico, 

 South America, East Africa and Madagascar. 



Natural means of control are afforded by hot, dry weather, the direct 

 rays of the sun in summer and excessive moisture in the breeding places. 

 Certain Staphylinids prey on the adults, and in Texas, ants attack the 

 eggs and larvae. Among artificial methods, the use of alum has given 

 good results in China. This substance is added to the whitewash or 

 calcimine used on the Avails, paper is dipped in a solution of alum 

 and put under rugs and matting, and powdered alum is sprinkled on 

 carpets or other floor covering and swept in. Light traps have been 

 used in certain cases against the adults. These traps consist of a 

 tumbler three parts full of water with about an inch of olive oil on 

 the top on which a wick floats. This is set in the middle of a soup 

 plate filled with strong soapsuds and placed on the floor of the 

 bedroom at night. As a repellant, oil of pennyroyal is widely used. 

 Menthol, camphor, 3 per cent, solution of carbolic acid and hydrogen 

 peroxide relieve the inflammation caused by the bites. 



Richardson (C. H.). Fly control on the College Farm. — Rep. Entom. 

 Deft., New Jersey Agric. Coll. Expt. Sta., for 1914, Paterson, 1915, 

 pp. 3S2-399. [Received 12th November' 1915.] 



Investigations during 1914 were largely directed to a study of the 

 fly fauna of a typical New Jersey farm, especially of those species 

 which frequent milk and are thus possible carriers of infectious diseases. 

 The work on larvicides was continued with a view to discovering new 

 materials and to formulating new methods of control. Milk-baited 

 traps were regularly visited between May and October by the following 

 species :• — CaUijjhora erijthrocephala, Meig., Lucilia sericafa, Meig., 

 Pliormia regina, Meig., Musca domestica, L., Muscina stahulans. Fall., 

 and Fannia canicularis, L. Less abundant species were :■ — Ravinia 

 communis, Parker, R. latisetosa^ Parker, Sarcopliaga bullala, Mans., 

 S. haemorrhoidalis, Meig., S>. helicis. Town., Pollenia rudis, F., Cynomyia 

 cadaver ina, Desv., Lucilia caesar, L., Morellia micans, Macq., 

 Graphomyia americana, Desv., Muscina assimilis. Fall., Ophyra 

 leucostoma, Wied., Fannia scalar is, F., and Scatophaga stercoraria, L. 

 An effort was made to locate the breeding places of the different species. 

 Judging by the number of species bred, cow manure was the most 

 important producer of flies, chicken manure the least important. 

 Under ordinary conditions, horse manure breeds the largest numbers 

 of house-flies. The latter also hatched from cow, pig and chicken 

 manure. They did not breed in cow manure in the field, but only 

 when it was mixed with straw. Chicken manure offered a breeding 

 place for house-flies only when moist. About one-half the species 

 which were regularly attracted to milk were bred from various kinds 

 of manure and are therefore liable to be a source of contamination to 

 milk when it is improperly protected. 



The work on larvicides consisted largely of an attempt to find new 

 chemicals suitable to control house-fly larvae in manure. None of 

 the compounds except borax, iron sulphate and mercuric chloride 

 were effective at the strengths tested. Mercuric chloride is a violent 



