61 



da Costa Lima (A.) Accao do pyrethro sobre os mosquitos. [The 

 effect of pyrethrum on mosquitos.] — Brazil- Medico, Rio de 

 Janeiro, xxix, no. 37, 2nd October 1915, pp. 289-291. 



Pyrethrum powder is said to be effective in destropng mosquitos 

 when burnt in rooms at the rate of 15 grammes per 40 cubic feet of 

 space, the room being kept closed for at least three hours. The effect 

 was uncertain when the amount of powder was reduced to 10 grammes 

 per 40 cubic feet. 



Halberkann (J.). Ueber Schutzmittel gegen Stechmiicken. [Protec- 

 tion against mosquitos.] — Miinchener Med. WocJiensckr., Munich, 

 Ixii, no. 41, 12th October 1915, p. 1407. 



As a protective against mosquitos, Pyrethrum roseum has been 

 recommended, but experiments made at Hamburg proved that a 

 strong tincture did not deter Stegomyia fasciata from biting. It is 

 doubtful whether odorous substances have a practical value as 

 repellents ; only such preparations as obstruct the tracheae seem to 

 be of use. The " Miickenfluid " repeatedly referred to by Giemsa, 

 has proved useful both in Germany and in German East Africa. The 

 fluid is diluted in 20 parts of soft water and used as a fine spray. 

 Pyrethrum was at first an ingredient, but has now been discarded, and 

 this mixture now consists of a 2\ per cent, solution of potash soap or of 

 1| per cent, soda soap and has proved very effective. Still better is a 

 mixture of 50 grammes commercial formalin, 18 grammes Spir. sap. 

 Kahn [Phar. Ger.], and 2 litres of water. 



Vecsei (F.). Beitrag zur Epidemiologie der Pest : DiePestinSchanghai. 



[Acontribution to the epidemiology of plague: plague in Shanghai.] — 

 Wiener Klin. Wochenschr., Vienna, xxviii, no. 52, 30th December 

 1915, pp. 1445-1449, 2 plans. 



This paper describes the outbreak of plague in Shanghai and the 

 measures adopted there against it. Owing to the protective measures 

 taken on the Austrian warship " Kaiser Franz Joseph " during its 

 stay at Shanghai, only three rats were seen on board. Seventy per 

 cent, of the rats in Shanghai are Mus rattus, the remainder being 

 Miis decumanus. 



Barret (H. P.). Notes on the Breeding places of Anopheles.— 



Amer. Jl. Trop. Dis. & Prevent. Med., New Orleans, iii, no. 7, 

 January 1916, pp. 406-410. 



During a mosquito survey of Charlotte, North CaroHna, and the 

 vicinity in the spring and summer of 1915, one of the most interesting 

 facts noted was the almost universal prevalence of the larvae of 

 Anojyheles punctipennis and the great variety of their breeding places. 

 Wherever other mosquitos were breeding, Anopheles larvae were likely 

 to be found. They occurred in company with Culex restuans, C. terri- 

 tans, C. fatigans {qimiquefasciatus), Ochlerotatus (Aedes) sylvestris, 

 0. {A.) canadensis, Stegomyia fasciata {A. calopus) and Psorophora 

 Columbia. The breeding places included :■ — Temporary collections 

 of rain water ; rain barrels, tubes, etc. ; drainage ditches, small 

 springs and streams ; creeks and larger streams ; the first two classes 

 being artificial and the third and fourth natural. 



