83 



Friedmann (A.). Beitrage zur Bekampfung der Kleiderlause in KleU 

 dern. [Contribution to the control of body lice in clothing.] — 

 Centralbl.' fur Bakt. Parasit. u. Infektionskr., Jena, Ite. Abt. 

 Originale Ixxvii, pt. 4, pp. 320-338. [Received 24th March 1916.] 



A brief summary is given of results obtained against lice by previous 

 authors with moist and dry heat and various chemicals. The author's 

 own observations show that the eggs develop best at 85-89° F. and 

 40-50 per cent, relative humidity. Exposure for five minutes to hot 

 steam is fatal to them ; both lice and eggs were killed by exposure 

 to a dry heat of 160° F. Lice and eggs on woollen material rolled up 

 so as to completely fill a test tube and exposed to the same dry heat 

 were all killed. Five advertised insect powders were tried, but none of 

 them killed lice in 48 hours though brought into intimate contact with 

 them. A considerable amount of evidence was obtained that lice 

 avoid silk materials. When Hce were exposed in flasks to the vapour 

 of carbon bisulphide for 24 hours they all died, and attempts to hatch 

 eggs similarly exposed failed ; lice and eggs rolled in various woven 

 materials were also killed by this means. Clothing infested with Hce 

 was hung in a room 16 feet by 13 feet and 9 feet high and 7 litres of 

 carbon bisulphide was placed in saucers in it and the room closed for 

 15 hours at a temperature of 70° F. Examination of the air of the 

 room showed that it contained 425 parts of carbon bisulphide in 10,000. 

 Two hours after opening the room all odour had disappeared, the lice 

 were all killed and all attempts to hatch the eggs failed. Experiments 

 with lice in infested clothing exposed to the vapours for 10-12 hours 

 in well closed metal boxes were quite successful. Sulphurous anhydride 

 was found eiiective at 31 grains per cubic foot of air even in clothing 

 tied up in bundles. In laboratory experiments four hours exposure 

 of lice-infested material in large glass flasks was successful at a lower 

 percentage of gas, but apparently not less than 22 grains per cubic foot 

 at 70° F. is required to ensure a good result. 



Si (C.) & CuNHA (A.). Estudos sobre a Tristeza. [Studies on Piroplas- 

 mosis.] — Rev. Veterinaria e Zootechnia, Rio ds Janeiro, v, no. 6^ 

 December 1915, pp. 288-303, 4 plates 



This paper is a summary of the history and nomenclature of piro- 

 plasmosis and discusses immunisation methods. At Gamelleira 

 (Brazil) the tick most commonly identified in this connection was 

 Margaropus annulatus var. microplus, Canestrini. A list of 25 recent 

 works on the subject is appended. 



Alessandrini (G.). I pidocchi ed i mezzi per distruggerli. [Lice and 



the means of destroying them.] — Annali d'lgiene, Rone, xxvi, 

 no. 2, 29th February 1916, pp. 92-108. 3 figs. 



This paper reviews the various methods of control that have been 

 employed against Pediculus capitis, de G., and P. humanus, L. (vesti- 

 menti, de G.). A description of these species is given and their biology 

 is discussed. One of the control measures referred to is that suggested 

 by Dr. Muto, of the Italian army, who has reported successful results 

 with 8-10 per cent, creolin evaporated in a tightly, if not hermetically, 

 closed wooden receptacle. Clothing to be freed from lice is exposed 

 to the fumes at a temperature of 104° Fahr. for 10-20 minutes. 



