92 



of stone. In wet weather the daily accumulation was buried as far 

 as possible. In certain units, manure was allowed to accumulate ; 

 hence numerous flies, mainly Calliphora, spread over the clean areas. 

 Ditches, drains and latrines were treated with chlorinated lime. A 

 solution consisting of 2 lb. sodium arsenite, 10 lb. treacle, 10 gals, 

 water and 2 pts. beer (if possible) was sprayed over shrubs, roofs, etc. 

 Pieces of rag were soaked in it and hung about. A mixture of formalin, 

 about 15 per cent, in milk, sweetened with sugar, was recommended 

 for use in messes and dug-outs. A collection of the most prevalent 

 flies was made, and the time of development ascertained. The most 

 abundant were Musca domestica, Fannia canicularis, F. scalaris, 

 Slonioxys calcitrans, Calliphora vomitoria, C. erythrocephala, Lucilia 

 caesar, Sarcophaga curnaria and Muscina sfabulans. 



Tests made in October 1915, with a sample of Liquid " C," showed 

 that this liquid was the best fly antidote so far used. Bodies were 

 mummified by its action and rendered inoffensive, even after and 

 during a fall of rain. It was a definite repellant and killed adults 

 readily. Larvae were killed in many cases, but results in this con- 

 nection at Helles were not entirely satisfactory. Care was needed in 

 applying the liquid, since it had an irritating effect on the skin and was 

 extremely inflammable. 



MiTZMAiN (M. B.). Anopheles crucians, their infectibility with the 

 parasites of tertian malaria. — U.S. Public Health Reports, 

 Washington, D.C., xxxi, no. 12, 24th March 1916, pp. 764-765. 



In view of the common impression that Anopheles crucians, Wied., 

 is susceptible to infection with the parasites of aestivo-autumnal 

 malaria {Plasmodium falciparum) only, it is of interest to record 

 experimental results in connection with this species and tertian fever 

 (P. vivax). In the course of a series of experiments with A. puncti- 

 pennis, 19 specimens of A. crucians were fed simultaneously on the 

 6th and 7th February 1916 on the blood of an individual suffering 

 from tertian malaria. Examination of the blood of this case showed 

 large numbers of asexual parasites and but few mature gametocytes. 

 Seven of the specimens died within five days after feeding ; three of 

 these were found to contain numerous immature zygotes, and in one 

 that had died on the second day, the vermiculus stage was identified 

 in the crushed stomach contents. Two of the twelve survivors were 

 found to be infected, eleven and thirteen days respectively after the 

 feed. In both mosquitos the salivary glands harboured sporozoites. 



Ross (T. S.). Flies in a Jail. — Ind. Med. Gaz., Calcutta, H, no. 4, April 

 1916, pp. 133-134. 



Though the Tanjore District jail and its surroundings are all that 

 can be desired sanitarily, flies swarmed A\ithin the premises and were 

 thought to be the cause of the prevalence of dysentery and of a small 

 outbreak of enteric fever in 1914. Killing the flies with flappers and 

 traps of condensed milk and other articles of food treated with formalin 

 proved useless and a very careful search was then made for breeding 

 places. A few larvae were found in a rubbish heap ; rubbish was there- 

 after buried in pits and well covered with earth. It was ultimately 



