113 



Aust. ; H. funiens, Aust. ; H. vittata, Lw., besides three species 

 unidentified ; Tahanus albipalpus, Wlk. ; T. fasciatus, F. ; 

 T. hillingtoni, Newst. ; T. secedens, Walk. ; T. socialis, Walk. ; 

 T. iaeniola, P. de B. Muscidae : Stomoxys calcitrans, L. ; S. nigra^ 

 Macq. ; S. omega, Newst. ; Pliilaematoimjia sp. Hippoboscidae : 

 Evppohosca maculata, Leach. Ixodidae : Boophiliis anmdatm, Say ; 

 Haemaphysalis leachi, Aud. ; Amhlyomma variegatum, F. ; Hyalomma 

 aegyptium, L. 



Lamborn (W. a.). Third Report on Glossina Investigations in 

 ^ Nyasaland. — Bull. Entom. Research, London, vii, no. 1, May 1916, 



pp. 29-50. 



The survey of the distribution of Glossina morsitans in the pro- 

 claimed area, especially in the neighbourhood of Rifu and Kuti,was 

 completed by 6th August 1915, when a return was made to the vicinity 

 of Monkey Bay in order to establish artificial breeding places on a 

 large scale. In the centres at Rifu and Kuti, the fly was not found to 

 be locahsed sufficiently to render feasible any attempt to control it by 

 clearing the bush, as had previously been suggested. [See this Revieiv, 

 Ser. B, ii, p. 96.] At Rifu, pupae were found in greater numbers under 

 the shelter of dead trees than under cover of rocks. Breeding was 

 found to be at a minimum during the late dry season. 



The parasite, Miitilla glossinae, Turn., was reared in large numbers, 

 from pupae obtained near Monkey Bay. M. glossinae is to be 

 regarded as a primary parasite, depositing eggs in Glossina pupae at 

 varying stages of development. No evidence has yet been obtained 

 that G. brevipalpis is attacked by this species of Mutilla under natural 

 conditions. The duration of the life-cycle within the tsetse-fly pupa 

 varies very considerably, and may be influenced by chmatic changes.. 

 In one individual reared from a G. brevipalpis pupa, development 

 occupied nearly 12| weeks, while in other specimens, the develop- 

 mental period was extended to 17 weeks. The numbers of M. glossinae 

 and other parasites emerging from pupae increase rapidly in the dry 

 season ; out of -76"2 pupae obtained from natural breeding places, 

 between 22nd August and 16th October, 97 flies and 131 Mutilhds 

 emerged. From 368 pupae collected within the proclaimed area,, 

 onlv two parasites, a Mutillid and a Bombyliid, were reared. A second 

 Mutillid parasite, M. benefactrix, sp. n., was obtained from pupae 

 collected at Monkey Bay. This species showed greater activity than 

 M. glossinae and differed in the method of pairing. 



Experimental evidence showed that the Chalcid, Syntomosphyrum 

 glossinae, Wtrst., is hyperparasitic on M. glossinae. The latter may 

 be attacked in both larval and pupal stages. About 3 per cent, of the 

 pupa cases of M. glossinae examined between 7th April and 2nd June 

 showed evidence of parasitism, while between 22nd August and 16th 

 October less than 1 per cent, were parasitised. Observations are being 

 carried out relative to the action of S. glossinae on M. benefactrix. 

 A second hyperparasite of 31. glossinae, namely, Enqoelminus tarsatus, 

 was obtained from pupae of G. morsitans collected at Monkey Bay.* 



* There is reason to suppose that this insect is more likely to be a 

 primary parasite rather than a hyperparasite. — Ed; 



