124 



MoEisoN (J.) & Key WORTH (W. D.). Flies and their Relation to 

 Epidemic Diarrhoea and Dysentery in Poona. — Ind. Jl. Med. 

 Research, Calcutta, iii, no. 4, April 1916, pp. 619-627, 3 charts, 

 2 tables. [Keceived 30th June 1916.] 



The observations in this paper form a continuation of those carried 

 out during 1912 and 1913 [see this Review, Ser. B, iii, p. 127]. During 

 1914, counts of flies were made at stations in which the conditions were 

 maintained without marked change from day to day. As in preceding 

 years, a close correlation existed between the number of flies and cases 

 of diarrhoea from 10th June to 12th August ; after this date the flies 

 began to decrease, but the epidemic did not reach its maximum until 

 19th August. Flies were therefore not responsible for cases of disease 

 which occurred between 12th and 19th August, but a direct connection 

 was believed to exist between these cases and the access to a polluted 

 water supply occasioned by previous floods. In 1915 attention was 

 directed to the water supply. Settling tanks, which had been installed 

 in August 1914, resulted in an improvement in the health of the people 

 as a whole during the dry season of 1914-15. Polluted flood water was 

 not used. On and after 1st July in the city and 7th August in the 

 cantonments, water was treated with hypochlorite of Hme. The 

 result was the absence of the usual epidemic during July and August, 

 and no increase in the death-rate among children such as usually 

 occurred at this period was recorded. This treatment of the water 

 has been adopted as a permanent measure. The conclusion is reached 

 that flies are responsible to a very slight degree, if at all, for the 

 mortality in the native city of Poona or for the annual epidemic 

 of disease in the cantonment. 



Christophees (S. K.) & Chand (K.). A Tree-Hole Breeding Ano- 

 fheles from Southern India: A. {Coelodiazesis) cuUciformis, Cogill. 

 —Ind. Jl. Med. Research, Calcutta, iii, no. 4, April 1916, 

 pp. 638-645,1 plate. [Received 30th June 1916.] 



A description is given of the larva and nymph of Anopheles ciilici- 

 fortnis, Cogill, the former stage having been obtained in tree-holes at 

 Pudupadi. The larvae are carnivorous in habit, feeding on each other 

 and different insects. The water from which they Avere collected was 

 dark brown in colour. This species was not found in any other districts 

 visited. On the Nilgiri Plateau A. gigas, A. lindesayi, A. aitkeni, 

 A. jeyporiensis, A. maculipalpis and A. maculatus were present. 

 Below Sigur Cjhat (3,000 ft.) the last four species, together with A. 

 sinensis, A. tessellatus, A. leucosphyrus, A. barbirostris and A. rossi, 

 were found. At Calicut the commonest species was A. jamesi. In 

 the Malabar Wynaad forest A. aitkeni, A. barbirostris, A. cuUciformis, 

 A. elegans and A. rossi occurred. A. rossi var. ragus was present at 

 Palghat. 



Cornwall (J. W.) & La Frenais (H. M.), A Contribution to the Study 

 of Kala-Azar. — Ind. Jl. Med. Research, Calcutta, iii, no. 4, April 

 1916, pp. 098-724, 3 plates, 5 tables. [Received 30th June 1916.] 



Cultures of flagellates of Leishniania donovani were obtained from the 

 peripheral blood of seven patients in whom kala-azar had either been 



