131 



were never numerous, though the majority were Anophelines. The 

 greatest incidence of malaria coincided with the end of the rains, and 

 the following month. Regular attention was paid to the breeding 

 places of mosquitos from the time that the first case of fever occurred. 

 The stagnation of water in channels was prevented as far as possible ; 

 oihng was not found practicable owing to the high cost of petroleum. 

 Quinine prophylaxis and the use of mosquito nets were adopted. 



Sleeping sickness is not known to exist in the district and tsetse-fly 

 was said to be very scarce. 



African tick fever, of which a case was noticed, is probably not 

 endemic in the district, as the author did not meet with Ornithodorus 

 moubata in any of the villages. 



MacGeegor (M. E.). Note on Culex pipiens breeding 66 ft. below 

 (^ ground. — Jl. Trop. Med. & Hygiene, London, xix, no. 12, 



15th June 1916, p. 142. 



In June 1915 workmen employed by the London Underground 

 Electric Railway Company were seriously attacked by a biting insect 

 when working by night in a " dead end " of the Highgate Station, 

 66 ft. underground. Investigation showed that numbers of Culex 

 pipiens were present, which had bred in a water tank below the passenger 

 platform. The water, which teemed with larvae and pupae, was 

 treated with sanitas-okol and this destroyed them satisfactorily. 



Given (Staff-Surgeon D.H.C.). The Campaign against Mosquitoes on 

 r^ board H.M.S. " Cadmus." — Jl. State Medicine, London, xxiv, 

 ^ no. 2, February 1916, pp. 47-51, 2 figs. 



Hankow is considered to be one of the worst ports on the Yangtse 

 for mosquitos. There is, however, comparatively little malaria among 

 the foreign communities, the chief trouble caused by mosquitos which 

 are mostly Culicines, being the irritation due to their bites at night. 

 On board H.M.S. Cadmus anti-mosquito measures were undertaken 

 early in April. After cleansing out the bilges of the ship's sampans, 

 which were mainly responsible for the mosquitos on board, and 

 replacing their thatched covers by light canvas awnings, removable 

 at sunset, the diminution in numbers was very marked. Mosquitos 

 still continued, however, to reach the ship, which was anchored 300 

 yards from the bank, being perhaps blown off passing vessels. All 

 the scuttles and ports of the ship were fitted with fine wire gauze 

 netting, though this proved of httle value. The use of mosquito nets, 

 oil of citronella and a Japanese remedy consisting of fumigation with 

 joss-sticks were more effective. It was found difiicult to fix netting 

 round a hammock so as to render it mosquito-proof, but two fairly 

 satisfactory torpedo-shaped nets were devised, illustrations of which 

 are given. In consequence of the precautions taken, there was not a 

 single case of malaria on board during a ten-months' stay up the 

 Yangtse, though a number of cases occurred on other ships. 



