153 



water on a hot, calm day, so that it may spread uniformly. The film 

 lasts so long that two applications a year are sufficient, whereas petrol 

 requires renewing once a fortnight. In Italy the cost of this mixture 

 is about one-tenth that of pure petrol. An Itahan heavy oil, of a 

 density of 0*785, gave equally good results. The disadvantages of 

 such a film are its liability to kill fish and to clog the plumage of water- 

 birds. 



Bertarelli (E.). La lotta contro il tifo esantematico. [The control 

 of exanthematous typhus.] — Morgagni, Milan, Ivii, Part 2, no. 22, 

 April 1915, pp. 343-348. [Received 24th July 1916.] 



A general account of a typhus fever epidemic is given and emphasis 

 is laid on the transmission of the disease by Hce, against which the first 

 prophylactic measures should be directed. By working along these 

 lines, the number of cases in Tunis was reduced from 856 in 1909 to 

 3 in 1914. 



Bertarelli (E.). I punti controversi della epidemiologia del tifo 

 esantematico. [Controversial points in the epidemiology of 

 exanthematous typhus.] — Morgagni, Milan, Ivii, Part 2, no. 37, 

 July 1915, pp. 585-591. [Received 24th July 1916.] 



The various controversies relating to typhus fever, especially with 

 regard to its transmission, are here dealt with. Lice [Pediculus 

 himianus] must certainly be held to be the most common transmitters of 

 the disease, though other ectoparasites may also be concerned in its 

 conveyance to man. Insect transmission accounts for the rapid spread 

 of epidemics. 



Bertarelli (E.). Gli insegnamenti della lotta profilattica contro il 

 tifo esantematico. [The lessons derived from prophylactic 

 measures against exanthematous typhus.] — Morgagni, Milan, Iviii, 

 Part 2, no. 10, February 1916 pp. 145-156. [Received 24th July 

 1916.] 



A useful summary of the prophylactic measures adopted in different 

 countries against hce is embodied in this paper. Since March 1915 the 

 Italian authorities have adopted the following mixture for destroying 

 Pediculus humanus and P. cajpitis : Petrol, 100 parts ; oUve oil, 50 

 parts ; balsam of Peru, 10 parts. A useful preventive consists of 

 oil of aniseed or oil of fennel, 30-40 parts, and alcohol (96 per cent.), 

 40-60 parts. In March 1915 the Austrian army orders recommended 

 naphthaline in body sachets and a mixture containing 30-40 parts of 

 oil of aniseed, with or without bergamot, for freeing the skin from hce. 



Grixoni (G.). La difesa contro i pidocchi. [Louse control.] — Giomale 

 Med. Milit., Rome, Ixiv, no. 6, 30th June 1916, pp. 417-430. 

 [Received 2nd August 1916.] 



In this review of the various methods and materials used in louse 

 control it is pointed out that the choice of a given means will depend 

 considerablv on local conditions and that the results will therefore 



