168 



poisoning and using traps. The treatment of manure did not per- 

 ceptibly decrease the number of flies ; they must therefore have 

 migrated from a breeding place further distant. The traps used were 

 fly-papers and balloon traps baited with casein and sugar in equal parts, 

 moistened with stout, banana, or water. Fly-papers captured nmch 

 larger numbers than the balloon traps during the same period. Of the 

 latter, those in which banana formed part of the bait gave the best 

 results. Kooms were sprayed with Fly-bane, Exol and Army Spray. 

 Fly-bane killed flies by contact, but did not act as a repellent ; its 

 use in rooms was accompanied by certain disadvantages. Exol 

 paralysed flies in half an hour, but all recovered within 20 hours. 

 Army Spray killed flies by contact, but was not a deterrent. Treacle, 

 arsenic and water used as a spray and placed on rags proved useless. 



Saunders (Winifred H.). Fly Investigation Reports. — iii. Investiga- 

 tions into Stable Manure to check the Breeding of House-Flies, 

 made during the year 1915 for the Zoological Society of London. — 



Proc. Zool. Soc, London, London, 1916, Part iii, September 1916, 

 pp. 469-479. 



A number of compounds were tested as to their value in destroying 

 fly larvae in manure and acting as repellents against adults visiting 

 manure heaps for purposes of oviposition. The following liquids 

 miscible in water were used as poisons : — Miscible tetrachlorethane ; 

 miscible fusel oil, 1 per cent. ; miscible pyridine, 5 and 10 per cent. ; 

 soluble tar oil ; higher pyridine bases ; neutral blast-furnace oil ; 

 heavy and light miscible oil. Non-miscible liquids tested as repellents 

 were : — Neutral blast-furnace oil ; blast-furnace creosote ; green oil ; 

 tar oil and pyridene ; mineral oil and pyridene. All substances used 

 in the manurial experiments were tested on plants to determine the 

 effect on germination, growth, etc. 



The results showed that the following methods of treatment were 

 very successful : — (1) the surface-dressing of manure with green tar oil 

 or with neutral blast-furnace oil and soil, at the rate of 1 part oil to 

 40 parts soil ; the mixture was spread over the surface of the heap to 

 a depth of one inch, and in forming a new heap, the ground below was 

 previously oiled ; (2) the application of tetrachlorethane, in the 

 miscible or pure form, at the rate of 2 oz. to 10 cubic feet of manure. 

 Both substances killed fly larvae and were harmless to plants. The 

 effect of the tar oil was permanent, as it was resistant to rain, while 

 that of tetrachlorethane lasted only while the liquid vaporised. The 

 use of tar oil is recommended for large accumulations of manure in 

 camps or for horticultural purposes ; the cost is Is. per gallon when 

 purchased in large quantities. 



Lodge (Olive C). Fly Investigation Reports.— vi. Some Enquiry 

 into the Question of Baits and Poisons for Flies, being a Report on 

 the Experimental Work carried out during 1915 for the Zoological 

 Society of London. — Proc. ZooL Soc, London, London, 1916, 

 Part iii, September 1916, pp. 481-518, 5 tables. 



A number of animal and vegetable substances and chemical com- 

 pounds were tested as to their relative powers of attracting the following 



