Manchester Memoirs, Vol. I. (1906), No. 13. 13 



Parus insularis. 



Parus ater (nee Linn.) Seebohm, " B. Japan, Enip.," p. 82 



(1890), et auct. 

 Funis ater insuiaris, Hellm., Orn. Jahrb., vol. 13, p. 36 (1903); 



Hartert, "Vug. Pal. Fauna," part 3, p. 359 (1905V 

 Parus {Periparus) ater insularis, Hellm., " Tierreich, Paridae," 



P- 75 (1903)- 

 Periparus insularis, Sharpe, " Handl. B.," vol. 4, p. 325 (1903). 



Mr. Hellmayr characterises this species as follows : — 

 Similar to P. ater, and with the same bluish-grey back, 

 but of a lighter and purer blue shade ; rump as in P. 

 britannicus, light olive-yellowish grey ; under surface of 

 body light olive-reddish-yellow, similar to that of P. 

 britannicus. 



P. insularis is of a very pure ashy-blue on the back. 

 It only differs from P. pekinensis in its pale fulvescent 

 under surface, which is rather lighter than in the latter 

 bird. The crest is well developed, but does not form so 

 distinct a tuft as in P. pekinensis. Some specimens are, 

 however, hardly distinguishable. 



Parus pekinensis. 



Parus pekinensis, David, Ibis, 1870, p. 755. 



Parus ater pekinensis, Frazak, AfT. Orn. Ver. Wien, vol. 18, p. 32 



(1894) ; Hartert, "Vog. Pal. Fauna," part 3, p. 358 (1905). 

 Parus {Periparus) ater pekinensis, Hellmayr, "Tierreich, Paridae," 



p. 78 (1903). 

 Periparus pekinerisis, Bianchi, t.c., p. 245; Sharpe, " Handl. B.," 



vol. 4, p. 325 (1903). 



Similar to P. ater, with a blue-grey back, and large 

 spots on the median and greater coverts, but distinguished 

 by a very distinct top-knot or crest on the crown. 



Hab. Corea. China (Pekin to Foh-kien). 



