Manchester Memoirs^ Vol. I. (1906), No. 13. 21 



Pariis aemodius. 



Parus aemodius, Hodg3.,y. A. S. Beitg., vol. 13, p. 943 (1844). 

 Parus ater aemodius, Prazak. t.c, p. 174 (1894); Hartert, " Vog. 



Pal. Fauna," part 3, p. 358 (1905). 

 Lophoi)hants aemodius, Oates, " Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds," vol. i, 



p. 58 (1889). 

 Periparus aemodius, Bianchi, i.e., p. 109 (1902); Sharpe, 



" Handl. B.," vol. 4, p. 326 (1903). 

 Parus {Peripar2is) ater aemodius, Hellmayr, "Tierreich, Paridae," 



p. 79 (1902). 



This species is distinguished by Mr. Hellmayr from 

 the other races of P. ater, on account of its ochre-yellow 

 under surface. I should have called the breast of P. 

 aemodius pale ' cinnamon-buff,' but I find that it agrees 

 most nearly with the 'ochraceous-buff' of Ridgway's 

 'Nomenclature of colours.' In any case, this rufescent 

 tint of the under surface generally serves to distinguish 

 P. aemodius and P. rufipectus from P. ater and its allies, 

 though P. pckinensis often shows a rufous tint on the 

 under surface. In P. ater and the other forms there is 

 sometimes a tint of pale buff or cinnamon, but their 

 general aspect below is greyish white. 



