REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I904 405 



making a trumpet-shaped mine which commences as a glis- 

 tening spot where the egg was laid, continues for a short distance 

 as a narrow line, gradually expanding and then suddenly widens 

 into an irregular expanded portion. This mine is on the upper 

 surface of the leaf and when old becomes a brown, trumpet-shaped 

 area scarcely noticeable from the under surface. It is inhabited 

 by a greenish, footless, active caterpillar. The upper and lower 

 surface of the mine is densely lined with silvery white silk, making 

 a winter retreat for the larva, which in the spring transforms to 

 the pupa at one end of the mine and in a short time forces its way 

 partly out through the upper surface of the mine and the moth 

 appears. This is one of our common fall apple leaf miners and 

 like the other two, rarely causes much injury because of its late 

 appearance in the orchard. 



All of these species appear on the foliage so late in the season 

 that comparatively little injury is caused and, as a rule, no remedial 

 measures are necessary. It is difficult in any event to control them 

 by ordinary means, since the insects feed on the inner tissues of 

 the foliage and consequently can not be reached by arsenical poi- 

 sons or applications of contact insecticides. About the only way 

 to destroy them, in case it is necessary, is to burn the fallen leaves 

 which, as stated above, contain larvae or pupae and thus reduce 

 the number of leaf miners another year. 



Shade tree insects 



Elm leaf beetle (Galerucella luteola MiilL). This 

 •species has been remarkable for its scarcity during the past season 

 and the only thing worthy of special note is its establishment in 

 considerable numbers in the village of Glens Falls. This is, so 

 far as known to us, the northernmost locality where it occurs 

 in abundance. 



White marked tussock moth (Hemerocampa leucos- 

 tigma Abb. & Sm.). This common and sometimes very de- 

 structive enemy of shade trees, has been present in small numbers 

 on horse-chestnuts in particular, in the city of Buffalo, but in no 

 instance have we known, of its causing very serious injury. It 

 is so easily controlled either by spraying or removing the conspicu- 

 ous egg masses from the tree, that there is little excuse for allow- 

 ing it to cause much damage. 



Fall webworm (Hyphantria textor Harr.). This 

 species was generally present in small numbers throughout the 



