to April. G. nasalis occurs in the duod,enum of the horse. In Natal 

 the adult flies are found from October to February, while in the 

 Transvaal they occur from December to early May. 



The effects of these larvae upon their hosts are described. It is 

 considered that the injurious effects that have been ascribed to them 

 have often been highly exaggerated. 



DE KocK (G. V. d. W.). Notes on the Intoxication by Gastrophilus 

 Larvae. — Union of S. Africa Dept., Agric.,5th and 6th Repts. Direc. 

 Vet. Research, April 1918, Pretoria, 1919, pp. 651-692, 2 charts. 

 [Received 13th November 1919.] 



Experiments described in this paper prove that Gastrophilus larvae 

 contain a toxin that produces definite symptoms of intoxication when 

 injected into horses, mules, donkeys, sheep and goats, the horse being 

 •apparently the most susceptible animal \R.A.E., B. v, 185 ; vi, 44]. 

 'Cattle, dogs, rabbits and guinea-pigs appear to be immune to this 

 intoxication. In view of the present knowledge of anaphylaxis there 

 does not seem to be sufficient evidence to explain the symptoms on 

 these lines. There is apparently no relative difference in the toxicity 

 of the extracts made from G. nasalis, G: equi and G. pecorum. 



The second part of this paper was written with the object of dis- 

 proving the theory that pernicious anaemia in horses is directly 

 caused by Gastrophilus larvae. The conclusions arrived at from 

 the experiments described are that watery extracts of Gastrojjhilus 

 larvae taken from horses that had died of pernicious anaemia can 

 produce the disease when injected into susceptible horses ; but such 

 •extracts taken from horses that have died from other causes cannot 

 produce pernicious anaemia. Horse-sickness can be transmitted 

 in a similar manner from horses that have died of horse-sickness, by 

 injections of watery extracts of Gastrophilus larvae, but not of filtrates. 



In an addendum, the reasons given by MM. Seyderhelm for con- 

 cluding that Gastropihilus larvae are the actual cause of pernicious 

 anaemia in horses are given [R.A.E., B. vi, 209 and vii, 28]. The 

 a,uthor of the present paper differs from that conclusion since the 

 disease was not produced in any of the horses treated by him with 

 injections of the larvae of Gastrophilus except when taken from horses 

 dead from the disease. Their findings that the mortaUty of pernicious 

 anaemia in horses is 100 per cent, also differs from the author's 

 experience in which it ranges from 60 to 80 per cent. 



It is considered that MM. Seyderhelm have failed to prove that 

 they were successful in effecting recovery by their treatment of removing 

 Ctastrophilus larvae from the stomach of the horse, and it is pointed 

 out that a number of horses recover, clinically, without any treatment. 



Theiler (Sir A.). A New Nematode in Fowls, having a Termite as an 



Intermediary Host {FHaria galUnaruni, nova species). — -Umon 



of S. Africa, Dept. Agric, 5th and 6th Repts. Direc. Vet. Research. 



April 1918, Pretoria, 1919, pp. 697-706, 1 plate. [Received 13th 



November 1919.] 



Filaria gallinarum, sp. n., which is here described, was discovered 



in the larval stage in the abdomen of workers of a termite, Hodotermes 



pretoriensis. Investigation showed that this Nematode completes 



