11 



per se, is or is not destructive to Glossina ; it was found to have no 

 apparent effect upon G. palpalis, the only species, unfortunately, 

 on which it was found practicable to conduct these experiments. 



The principle has been estabhshed almost beyond doubt, at least 

 in the case of G. morsitans in the Masindi fly belt in Uganda, that the 

 percentage of females among active flies caught is a direct index to 

 the abundance of food animals [R.A.E., B, i, 227]. The rinderpest 

 in this region reduced the food supply of the tsetse just at the season 

 when food is most difficult to find under ordinary conditions. The 

 drought, begimming in November, led to an early drying of the grass 

 and commencement of the bush fires, and the intensity and prolongation 

 of the drought led to an unusually complete burning of the bush, 

 and to the consec^uent destruction of many shelters and breeding 

 grounds. The author considers that these phenomena afford a reason- 

 able and probable explanation of the remarkable diminution in tsetse 

 in the Masindi fly belt. 



Rinderpest broke out in the north-east Transvaal in June 1896, 

 when the grass is at its highest and game most difficult to find. What 

 the exact chmatic conditions were in that year is not known, but the 

 author considers it most probable that the arrival of the disease 

 in the cold weather, together with a prolonged dry season and con- 

 sequent burning of the grass over large areas, markedly reduced the 

 numbers of flies between June 1896 and April 1897. 



The practical outcome of these observations is that G. morsitans 

 should be attacked during the dry season. Destruction of the primary 

 centres or foci should be attempted by filling in or drainage of the 

 water supply, by destruction of the game in the vicinity, and by 

 burning the grass at the most suitable time. Bush burning should 

 be carefully controlled to obtain the maximum eft'ect ; indiscriminate 

 burning by natives should be stopped and the fires started and main- 

 tained in a systematic manner. 



Ingram (A.). The Domestic Breeding Mosquitos of the Northern 

 Territories of the Gold Coast. — B'dl. Entom. Research, London, x, 

 part 1, November 1919, pp. 47-58, 1 map. 



Very little is known with regard to the distribution in the Northern 

 Territories of the smaller blood-sucking insects such as mosquitos 

 and sandflies. During recent investigations Stegoniyia fasciata was 

 found practically throughout the district traversed. 



Among the larvae collected from 42 villages, in 77 per cent., 

 S. fasciata, F., was found, usually in clean water ; in 79 per cent., Cidex 

 duttoni, Theo., which was only once found in a pool at any distance 

 from human habitations and in this case the pool had been used by 

 natives for washing their pots ; in 52 percent., C. deceits, Theo., generally 

 found in foul water and often associated with C. duttoni, C. tigripes 

 and Ouliciomyia nebidosa, Theo., of which the last two were both 

 found in 47 per cent, of the villages ; C. decens was also occasionally 

 associated with *S. fasciata ; in 45 per cent., *S. vittata, Big., which is 

 not solely a domestic breeder, as it was also found in pools formed by 

 the weathering of outcrops of gneiss and laterite far from human 

 habitations ; in 9 per cent.. Anopheles costalis, Lw. ; and in 6 '8 

 per cent. Culex invidiosus, Theo., chiefly found in swampy pools and 



