26 



also found. Taeniorhynchus titillans was found both on the Upper 

 and on the Lower Parana, and it was very common on the Salado 

 River near San Bernadino, Paraguay. A species taken on the Upper 

 Paran4 may be T. (M.) pseudotitillans, very common on the Amazon. 

 On this journey few plants of Pistia stratiotes were seen and on those 

 examined no larvae were found. Psorophora ciliata is common in 

 Paraguay. Culex serratus and one specimen of C. crinifer were 

 noticed at the Iguassii Falls. Carrolia iridescens and Hyloconops 

 longipalpis were bred from the giant bamboo, Chusquea gaudichaudi, 

 on the Upper Parana ; also some larvae of Sabethinus and Megarhinus. 

 One larva of the Dendromyia type was taken from Urera suhpeltata{'\)y 

 the stems of which sometimes hold water. 



Some small blood-sucking Ceratopogonin.ae, probably Culicoides 

 debilipal'pis, were found. They enter houses, especially open 

 verandahs. C. horticola, Lutz, was obtained in Paraguay and 

 Cotocripus pusillus probably also occurs there. 



The collection of early stages of Sifmdium spp. was rendered 

 difficult by the fact that the river was high during the journey. 

 Schrottky has described three species, all of which attack man, from 

 Paraguay, viz. : — S. inexorabile, S. paraguayense and S. paranense. 

 Dr. Lutz considers that the first is a synonym of S. pertinax, Kollar, 

 the commonest species at Rio de Janeiro. S. pertinax is common 

 along the mountainous coast of Brazil, but not above 2,600 feet 

 altitude. Inland it occurs at moderate elevations. S. paraguayense 

 was found on the Parana and at Tucuman, Argentina. No nymphs 

 were found, probably owing to the flood, so that the presence of the 

 large number of adults seen points to great longevity. Besides these, 

 two other species were found, one of which, S. amazonicum, attacks 

 man. The other, S. orbitale (so named because it prefers to bite 

 horses at the orbital margin of the eye), was met with on the Upper 

 Parana. The very characteristic larvae and nymphs are generally 

 found in all large falls. It is unusual for them to be directly attached 

 to stones ; more commonly they are found on plants, principally 

 Podostemaceae, which only grow in falls. In its earlier stages 

 S. amazonicum also lives on these plants. After Dr. Lutz's return, 

 he received from Paraguay specimens of S. pertinax, S. orbitale, 

 S. paraguayense, S. amazonicum and S. subpallidum, and S. pertinait 

 and S. rubrithorax from Argentina. S. subviride, sp. n., was not 

 rare at Mojoli ; it was caught on horses. S. incrustatum, a rather 

 common species, came on board between Mojoli and Tibiri9a. 



The only specimen of Phlebotomus seen on this journey was ,a 

 female of P. longipalpis taken near Iguassii. Some examples of this 

 species have been received from Paraguay. 



Lists are given of the Tabanids found in the various regions visited 

 or sent from there. 



The report on climatogy and sanitary conditions is due to Dr. de 

 Souza Araujo. Malaria and Chagas' disease are widely spread in the 

 part of the State of Sao Paulo between Bauru and Porto Tibiri^a. 

 Triatoma and Phlebotomus are plentiful. At Tres Lagoas malaria 

 is common, and Triatoma sordida is abundant. The most important 

 flagellate met with was Trypanosoma cruzi, and at Assuncion some 

 specimens of Triatoma infestans harboured it in large numbers. This, 

 and the occurrence of goitre, justifies the assumption that American 



