54 



takes to such breeding-places in the vicinity of existing (or lately- 

 existing) ones that were more favourable. The supposition is that 

 temporarily its adaptiveness is rather marked, but limited, and that 

 it could not survive if prevented from returning to more favourable 

 conditions from time to time. It is found at altitudes between 

 sea-level and 5,000 feet. A. harwari up till now has not been found 

 in the breeding-places of A. maculatus, though the habitats of these 

 two species have many points in common. Of A. aconitus there 

 appear to be two types {R.A.E., B., vii, 184]. The typical larvae 

 only give rise to typical A. aconitus. From the variety, the typical 

 form, A. aconitus var. cohaesa minima and transitional forms between 

 them have been bred. A Ust of breeding-places is given for both 

 forms, the main difference being that the typical form, but not the 

 variety, was found in brooks and springs. It would seem that while 

 the typical A. aconitus is more or less confined to the Mils, this is 

 not so pronounced as in the case of A. vnaculatus ; the variety is more 

 Hke A. maculatus in this respect. The data concerning A. minimus 

 are too scanty to form any definite opinion as to its breeding-places, 

 but they appear to be similar to those of the varietal form oiA. aconitus. 

 A. aitkeni should be included among the hill-species, so far as present 

 knowledge goes. In the larval state it appears to be the most localised 

 of all hill-mosquitos. It ranges in altitudes from low hills to about 

 5,000 feet. 



Species not limited to distinct bounds. A. indefinitus is found at 

 all altitudes between sea-level and about 3,000 feet. In localities 

 where A. hyrcanus (sinensis) occurs it is generally common ; its 

 breeding-places are very varied in character, but very dirty and 

 muddy water is avoided — contrary to what obtains with A. indefinitus 

 — so that it was not found in ploughed rice-fields, road-pools and 

 waggon ruts. The larvae of A. barbirostris are more common than 

 those of A. hyrcanus, which is rather surprising, because in places 

 such as buffalo and cow sheds, where the latter occurred also, its 

 imagines outnumbered those of the former species. A. barbirostris 

 ranges from sea-level to about 2,000 feet. A. fuliginosus avoids 

 dirty water even more than A. hyrcanus and A. barbirostris do ; if 

 the water is clear, other requirements are of no importance. Its 

 range is from sea-level to about 2,000 feet. A. kochi resembles 

 A. indefinitus in that it does not object to even very dirty water for 

 its breeding-places. A. pwuctuhtus, like A. kochi and A. indefinitus, 

 is a dirty-water mosquito, but hke them it also occurs in clear water. 

 Its altitude range is from sea-level to about 2,000 feet. A. {Nysso- 

 rrhynchus) annulipes var. moluccensis is only found in the Malay Archi- 

 pelago east of Celebes. Its larva has the widest range of breeding- 

 places known. No other is so indifferent as to whether the water 

 is salt, brackish or fresh, or whether the breeding-places are near 

 the coast or not. It also adapts itself to such artificial breeding-places 

 as water in boats, and seems quite indifferent to the degree of pollution 

 of the water. 



Species exhibiting a preference for shade. A. umbrosus was never 

 found in rice-fields ; otherwise no special condition for the breeding- 

 place seems to be required, for it occurs in salt and fresh water, both 

 on the coast and away from it. There is a certain preference for shady 



