65 



operated by a small battery, the Avhole being enclosed in a tin container. 

 This trap is said to be of special service in capturing mosquitos. 



Williams (C. L.). Anti-Malaria Control Measures in Extra-Cantonment 

 Zones. Southern. Med. Jl. Binninghani, Ala., xii, no. 1, January 

 1919, pp. 22-28. 



This paper describes the work done by the United States Public 

 Health Service in the areas around the different camps. Within the 

 latter the Army authorities were responsible. As the limit of flight of 

 Anophelines is practically one mile, this distance was adopted for the 

 breadth of each zone, beginning at the edge of the camp. 



After surveying the ground and ])reparing estimates, natural channels 

 are cleared, deepened' and straightened. In hilly districts seepage 

 ditches wath connecting ditches to the main chamiel nuist be dug. 

 In large swamp areas it may be necessary to construct an outlet stream 

 and an adequate outlet will rapidly drain and dry the land. 



The control of mosquito-breeding in large ponds and lakes is best 

 accomplished by means of fish. This entails a sufficient stock of fish 

 and the clearing of reeds, debris, etc., from the surface and edges. By 

 periodically raising and lowering the water level the banks are kept 

 clean. If the level cannot be varied for economic reasons the banks 

 may be boarded or concreted. Oiling is useful in certain cases. Drain- 

 age is a verv difficult problem in flat country, particularly in tidal regions. 

 A\ ide, shallow ditches, where the water may be concentrated and oiled, 

 have given good results. Oiling is used for dealing with the water 

 remaining after drainage operations have been carried out. A mixture 

 of two parts of kerosene and one of heavy black or crude oil is most 

 suitable, but oiliiig can only be successful if the water is kept free from 

 weeds and debris. Small" collections of water may be poisoned by 

 adding nitre cake, a waste product of phosphate fertiliser factories. 

 Another method, apparently highly successful and quite cheap, is 

 the application of commercial creosote in the form of a very fine 

 spray, though if used in excess it will kill all animal life, including 

 large fish. 



As constructional anti-malaria work proceeds, maintenance (in- 

 spection, cleaning, repairing and oiling) becomes a larger and larger 

 portion of the work. In the 9 zones to which the statistical part of 

 this paper refers, the total number being 36, the territory covered 330 

 square miles, in which 282 miles of natural channels were cleaned and 

 deepened and 656 miles of new ditches were dug. The expenditure 

 in these 9 zones amounted to about £86,000 and the results are held 

 amply to justify this outlay. 



EscoMEL (E.) La Trypanosomiase humaine existe dans les Forets 

 Orientales du Perou.--B'</l. Soe. Path. Exol., Paris, xii, no. 10, 10th 

 December 1919, pp. 723-726. 



A case of human trypanosomiasis is recorded from Peru probably 

 for the first time. The patient came from the forest country where 

 the Reduviid, Triatoma megista, and other vectors of trypanosomiasis 

 are known to occur. On examining the blood a trypanosome, 

 probably Trypanosoma {Schizotrijpanum) cruzi, was found. 



