82 



which forms a large percentage of the mosquito fauna, Ochlerotatus 

 geniculatus {C. albopundahis), Anopheles maculipennis, A. bifurcatus, 

 Theobaldia amwlata and Aedes cinereus. 



The author has never been able to discover any locally-acquired 

 cases of malaria, and has examined numbers of children for the 

 characteristic enlarged spleen, without success. The presence of great 

 numbers of Anophelines over large areas explains the outbreaks of 

 malaria at various points in the trenches of this region during the War. 

 'These centres of infection have usually been in the neighbourhood of 

 rivers or marshes. Both Cidex and Anopheles are disseminated 

 around these centres by concentric air currents, by which their zone 

 of activity is limited. Malaria is however of such infrequent occurrence 

 in the Ardennes that the destruction of hibernating adults, which 

 would be the effectual method of prophylaxis, is not considered 

 necessary, but as a safeguard, the removal of malaria cases from the 

 centres of infection is advocated. 



Stub (C). Hypodermalarvers Intrangen gennem Oksens Hud. 



[The Penetration of the Hypoderma Larva through the Skin of the 



Ox.]—MaanedssJcnft for Dyrlaeger, Copenhagen, xxxi, 1919-20, 



pp. 230-31. 



On a calf brought to the cattle market of Copenhagen the author 



found in the flayed carcase a hmited but distinct yellowish jelly 



infiltration in the superficial connective tissue on the inner side of 



the right fore-leg without any extravasation of blood. From this point 



he was able to trace a connection over the shoulder to the connective 



tissue around the cervical muscles and thence to the tissue between 



the trachea and oesophagus, where a number of small Hypoderma 



larvae (1-2 mm. long) were found. Larvae were also found along the 



route described and this observation shows how it is that Eijpoderma 



larvae often occur in the tissue around the gullet, though they generally 



enter the skin of the forelimbs. 



Brodersen (L.). Om Rosenfeber hos Kvoeg. [On "Eose Fever" 



of Q.&ii\e.'\—Maanedsshrift for Dyrlaeger, Copenhagen, xxxi, 



1919-20, pp. 321-23. 



The so-called "rose fever" of cattle is an acute but usually a 



transient and not fatal disease that generally attacks animals on 



pastures in spring or early summer. It causes extensive oedema, 



especially on the eyelids, muzzle and lower jaw and often also on the 



udder and the region of the anus, etc. The cause of it has hitherto 



not been understood, and it has often been attributed to mistakes in 



feeding. The author however advances much evidence to show that 



it has some connection with the expressing of the larvae of Hypoderma 



from the warbles, a process which is systematically carried out in the 



dairy districts of Denmark. The onset of the disease begins on the 



same day as this operation, often within 1 or 2 hours, and it is thought 



that when a Hypoderma larva is crushed in the process the exuding 



lymph has a toxic effect on the animal. Attacks of rose fever have 



however been observed in cattle where no expressing of the larvae has 



been done and these cases are considered to be due to the death of a 



larva in the body of the host. 



