85 



to conditions favourable to it, care must be taken to produce uniform 

 shade when utihsing vegetation as a preventive measure against 

 A. maculatus. A. hyrcanus is also a light-loving species. A. subpictus 

 was generally met with in stagnant pools. A. umhrosus is not limited 

 to the coastal area as was thought ; it is also abundant as far inland as 

 Gemas. 



The incidence of malaria coincides approximately with the percent- 

 age of A. maculatus present, suggesting that this species is a more 

 dangerous one than A. karwari. 



The suggestions for the possible prevention of malaria include the 

 education of engineers in antimalarial measures, the fiUing of swamps, 

 which should always be begun at the upper end of them, ravine 

 drainage and the oihng of breeding-places. If the jungle is to be 

 felled, it should first be well drained, or an attempt made to keep the 

 ravines which contain practically all the water under the original 

 jungle so as to prevent the entry of A. maculatus. The ravines should 

 be cleared of timber as quickly as possible before oihng so that no small 

 pools or seepage areas are missed. Likely artificial breeding-places 

 such as empty tins and collections of water should be cleared up. It 

 is not considered necessary to form a complete film of oil to ensure 

 the death of the larvae, as mere contact with oil is sufficient to destroy 

 them. Better results have been obtained where fresh oil was used 

 by means of a continous drip than in the areas where an attempt was 

 made to cover the water surface and the oil only renewed weekly or 

 at longer intervals. Experiments that are being made in the mode 

 of action of the oil will be pubUshed later. 



Gedoelst (L.). Un Cas de Parasitation de I'Homme par VHymeno- 

 lepis diminuta (Rudolphi).— (7. R. Soc. Biol, Paris, Ixxxiii, no. 

 7, 21st February 1920, pp. 190-192. 



A case of infestation of man by the tape worm, Hymenolepis diminuta, 

 is recorded. The patient had spent about 3 years in the Congo and 

 returned to Belgium towards the end of 1919, shortly after which the 

 infestation became apparent. 



The normal hosts of this parasite are Mus norvegicus, M. rattus, 

 M. alexandrinus, M. musculus and M. sylvaticus, etc., and it requires 

 from 15 to 19 days for its complete development. The larval stage 

 develops in various insects such as Pyralis {Asoj}ia)farinalis, Anisolahis 

 annulipes, Akis spinosa, Scaurus striatus, and the fleas, Ceratophylhis 

 fasciatus and Xenopsylla clieopis ; in the case under consideration it is 

 thought to have been transmitted by the last-named, infection having 

 probably been acquired on the boat returning to Belgium or in the 

 country itself. 



Athaxassof (N.). Destruicao dos Carrapatos no Gado Vaccum por 

 Meio dos Banhos Carrapatecidas. [Cattle Tick Destruction by 

 Dipping.]— iSecretoria Agric, Comm. e Obras Publicas, Sao Paido, 

 1919, 12 pp., 1 plate. [Received 2nd March 1920.] 



No new methods against ticks are advocated in this bulletin. 

 Boophilus {Margaropus) annulatus var. microplus is the most common 

 cattle tick in Brazil, but Amblyomma cajennense, Phipiceplialus 

 sanguineus and other species also occur. 



