87 



arise directly from the micronucleocytes, that is, from the elements 

 that are beheved to destroy micro-orgaiiisms in the blood of the higher 

 vertebrates. The reaction ends after about five hours. 



It is difficult to explain why the production of anti-bodies is more 

 rapid and more intense in the case of insects than in vertebrates ; the 

 reverse would be expected. The author has previously suggested the 

 hypothesis that in insects the anti-bodies may be elaborated by the 

 macronucleocytes, that is, by the elements that alone influence the 

 cellular reaction of karyoldnesis, but this has not yet been decisively 

 proved. The study of iimnunity reactions has, however, only just 

 begun, and it is hoped that the process in the case of insects may soon 

 be clearly understood. 



JoYEux (C). Culicides recoltes par la Mission antipaludique de 

 I'Arm^e d'Orient en 1918.- -5^///. Soc. Path. Exot., Paris, xiii, 

 no. 2, 11th February 1920, pp. 117-126. 



The anti-malarial mission estabhshed with the Balkan Army in 1918 

 made a comprehensive collection of the various mosquitos of those 

 regions, comprising parts of Macedonia, Albania and Greece. These 

 are hsted in a table, showing the locahties in which they were found, 

 the numbers of each and the stage in which they were captured. 



The Anophelines are represented by the same four species that were 

 observed in 1917. Anojiheles maculipennis, Meig., is common every- 

 where and especially in the Vardar region ; the larvae, however, do 

 not find favourable conditions in the brackish water fed by the tide. 

 Hibernation occurs in the adult stage. The index of AnopheHne 

 infection with malaria was found to be 0-86 per cent., from dissections 

 made only after the outbreak of the malarial epidemic. The percentage 

 of infected Anophehnes is the same throughout the country and the 

 degree of salubrity of any region depends entirely upon the number 

 of Anophehnes found there. The average infection in 1917 was 

 2 per cent. ; the Anophehne index seems therefore to have dropped in 

 1918, perhaps owing to the quinine prophylaxis among both troops 

 and natives. 



A. hifnrcatiis, L., appears in March and April and more rarelv latsr 

 on, though in the Albanian region it is frequently found, and sometimes 

 abundantly, in August and September. This agrees with the findings 

 of Feytaud and Gendre [R.A.E., B, vii, 122 J and others in France. 

 A. (P.) palesimensis, Theo., is fairly evenly distributed and generally 

 much less abundant than A. maculipennis. According to various 

 investigators, it hibernates in either the larval or adult stage. The 

 author agrees with those writers who consider A. sujjerpictus var. 

 macedoniensis to be a spionym of this species. Anopheles hijrcanvs, 

 Pall, {sinensis, Wied.) is rare. 



Cuhcines observed include Stecjomijia fasciata, F. {calopus, Meig.), 

 which seems to occur only near the coast ; Theohaldia longiareolata, 

 Macq. {spathipalpis, Rond.), fairly abundant at all seasons ; T. ann nlata, 

 Schrank, the larvae of which are found from March onwards, 

 apparently hibernating in this stage, and readily adapting themselves 

 to salt water ; T. funiipennis, Steph., occurring rarely in salt water 

 and apparently hibernating in the larval stage ; Ochlewtatus dorsalis, 

 Meig., the larvae of which develop in clear or foul water or in brackish 



