91 



Anthony (A. L.). A simple Form of Fly-proof Latrine as used 

 in West Africa. — Jl. R.A.M.C, London, xxxiv, no. 2, February 

 1920, pp. 141-143, 5 figs. 



A method of constructing a simple fly-proof latrine is described and 

 illustrated. Its efficacy depends on the depth to which it is dug, 

 the pit recommended having a minimum depth of 15 feet. 



Sewell (E. p.) & Macgregor (A. S. M.). An Anti-Malaria Campaign 

 in Palestine. — Jl. R.A.M.C, London, xxxiv, nos. 2 & 3, February 

 & March 1920, pp. 85-100 & 204-218, 8 figs., 3 charts, 2 tables, 

 1 map. 



This paper deals at length and in detail with the preventive measures 

 undertaken during the anti-malaria campaign in Palestine in 1918 in 

 the 21st Corps area comprising the river Auja and the valley of Sharon 

 [R.A.E., B, viii, 51, 60, 70]. This area included about 250 sq. miles 

 which had to be examined and watched for mosquito breeding. For 

 the most part the district is waterless, with the exception of two large 

 marshes formed by the winter rains and these oft'ered ideal breeding 

 grounds for mosquitos. The three main lines adopted for the defence 

 of the troops from malaria are removal of the reservoirs in the persons 

 of infected soldiers and potentially infected natives ; the destruction 

 of the carrier of infection ; and the protection of individuals against 

 infection by bites of Anopheline mosquitos. 



Anopheles hifurcatus was found sheltering and breeding in wells and 

 cisterns in midwinter and was capable of transmitting subtertian 

 as well as tertian infections. There was a rapid increase of malaria 

 in June, following the appearance of swarms of .4. maculipennis, which 

 had probably hibernated in caves, etc. 



It is estimated that the work, which extended over six months, would 

 have cost about £40,000 had civilians been employed, and had it not 

 been carried out, the victory over the Turks would have been impossible. 

 Owing to the vastness of the problem, which is beyond the powers of 

 small agricultural communities, the Government of Palestine will be 

 forced to adopt such measures as are here described if the valley of 

 Sharon is ever to be developed into a prosperous and healthy 

 agricultural country. 



MacGregor (M. E.). The Question of Natural Enemies.— J^ R.A.M.C, 

 London, xxxiv, no. 3, March 1920, pp. 248-250. 



The value of the utilisation of natural enemies of insect pests is 

 discussed, especially in reference to fish as destroyers of mosquito larvae. 

 The author has no faith in them for this purpose owing to the extent 

 to which they depend on the surrounding conditions. Mechanical and 

 chemical agents that render the conditions unsuitable for larval 

 development are far more important factors in control. 



Mackie (F. p.). The Transmission of relapsing Fever. — Brit. Med. 

 Jl, London, no. 3089, 13th March 1920, pp. 380-381. 



Although the ordinary carrier of recurrent fever is the louse 

 [Pediculus hwnanus], this intermediate host is not essential to the 



