113 



Turner (R, E.). On a new Mutillid Parasite of Glossina morsitans. — 

 Bull. Entom. Research, London, x, no. 3, April 1920. pp. 327-328, 

 Ifig. 

 Mutilla auxiliaris, sp. n., which is described, was bred from puparia 



of Glossina morsitans in Portuguese East Africa, and is closely related 



to M. glossinae. Turn. [R.A.E., B., iii, 118]. 



Stanton (A. T.). The Mosquitos of Far Eastern Ports with special 

 reference to the Prevalence of Stegomyia fasciata, F. — Bull. 

 Entom. Research, London, x, no. 3, April 1920, pp. 333-344. 



The danger of the introduction of yellow fever into Oriental 

 countries has long been discussed, more particularly since the opening 

 of the Panama Canal. In September 1915 an investigation was begun 

 regarding the prevalence of Stegomyia fasciata, the known carrier of 

 the disease, in Far Eastern ports. This paper includes reports of 

 visits made between October 1915 and March 1916 to Bangkok (Siam). 

 Saigon (Cochin-China), Haiphong (Tonkin), Canton (South China). 

 Batavia, Samarang and Soerabaia (Java), Makasser (Celebes) and 

 Tjilatjap (Java), with lists of the mosquitos found at each port. 



Other records of the occurrence of Stegomyia spp. from different 

 parts of the Malay Peninsula and neighbouring countries are also 

 given. On many ships examined both in port and at sea, some of 

 them coming from heavily infested ports, S. fasciata was observed 

 only once, and then in a ship on a river on both banks of which the 

 species was breeding in large numbers. It is often stated that in the 

 East S. fasciata is found on land only near the sea coast ; it is therefore 

 noteworthy that it was found in Java 40 miles from the sea and 2,300 

 feet above sea-level, and is common in Kuala Lumpur, 27 miles from 

 the sea. 



S. fasciata was found to be prevalent in the Far Eastern ports at all 

 seasons of the year. Even where efforts have been made to reduce 

 its numbers it is common ; where no such work has been undertaken, 

 it constitutes a plague. Conditions are therefore highly favourable 

 to the spread of yellow fever if it should be introduced. The old trade 

 routes, however, between America and the East have not been altered 

 since the opening of the Panama Canal, and still pass northward by 

 way of Honolulu, Japan and China. It was found that in ports situated 

 towards the northerly limit of the Eastern tropical belt, S. fasciata 

 occurred in relatively small numbers in the colder months, or was not 

 observed at all. It is thought probable that conditions in the ports 

 of China and Japan would prove unfavourable to the propagation of 

 this mosquito even in the warmer months. If so, the path for con- 

 veyance of yellow fever to the Orient would be cut at that point. 

 A survey of these ports is therefore of great importance to complete 

 the present observations. With the increase of sea-borne traffic it is 

 essential that the reduction of S. fasciata in Far Eastern ports should 

 be vigorously undertaken. The results in Colombo have shown what 

 can be done in this direction. It is suggested that trained entomolo- 

 gists should be engaged entirely for the study of problems connected 

 with mosquito reduction and for supervision of suppressive measures. 

 These officers should work in close co-operation with the executive 

 public health authorities. 



(683) Wt.P 1850/ 163. 1,500. 7.20. B.&F.Ltd. Gp.ll. a 



