146 



The embryos of the guinea- worm have shown no trace of development, 

 even after remaining nearly three months in the body-cavity of the 

 Crustacean. A comparison is made between the cycle of development 

 of this parasite and that of certain Filaria of the blood, such as 

 F. bancrofti, with which there are many points of similarity. The 

 infestation of the intermediate host, whether Copepod or biting insect, 

 is in each case through the digestive tract ; the ultimate development 

 takes place after passage into the general body-cavity through the 

 intestinal wall. The emergence of the mature larvae from the 

 intermediate host is made in both cases by breaking the tissues of the 

 host (Button membrane of the proboscis of CuHcids ; body-wall of 

 Cyclops). The larvae of these Filaria are not inoculated by the 

 intermediate host into the tissues of the ultimate host ; they are 

 self-introduced into the latter ; through the skin in the case of the 

 blood parasites, through the intestinal wall in the case of F. medina. 

 The specific character of the intermediate host, whether Cyclops or 

 CuUcid, does not influence development except in a secondary manner ; 

 exterior climatic and seasonal conditions on the other hand are 

 important among the factors that define the normal endemicity of 

 these parasites. 



Senevet (G.). Note sur quelques Ixodes parasites des Animaux 

 domestiques recueillis a Mytilene de Fevrier a Juin, 1916. — Bull 

 Soc. Path. Exot., Paris, xiii, no. 4, Uth April 1920, pp. 260-261. 



During 1916, the Ixodids collected at Mytilene included RJiipice- 

 phalus sanguineus, on cattle, donkeys and dogs ; R. bursa, on cattle 

 and goats ; R. simus, on cattle and donkeys ; Hyalomma syriacum, 

 on dogs and a tortoise, Testudo sp. ; and H. aegyptium on cattle. 



Cantacuzene (J.). L'Epidemie de Typhus exanthematique en 

 Roumanie pendant la derniere Guerre. — Bidl. Soc. Path. Exot., 

 Paris, xiii, no. 4, 14th April 1920, pp. 269-290. 



Exanthematous typhus was j^ractically unknown in Rumania before 

 1916, and relapsing fever did not occur there until 1915. This paper 

 gives an account of the very serious epidemics, particularly of 

 exanthematous typhus, that occurred during the War. Many instances 

 are given confirming the theory that the louse is the only vector of 

 this disease, and its relation to other diseases are discussed. The 

 method of regular disinfestation of the troops is described. The 

 disinfection of clothing was carried out in a specially constructed 

 underground chamber, which is described and illustrated. Brick 

 stoves were set at diagonal corners, the stove-pipe passing horizontally 

 along the chamber and turning upward to the ground level at the 

 other end, thus increasing the surface of radiation of the heat. Wooden 

 beams from which the clothing was suspended crossed the roof. Heat 

 was easily maintained at 212-220°F., and this type of disinfecting 

 oven is considered far more practical and easier to construct than the 

 brick ovens constructed above ground in Serbia. The clothing is 

 left in the oven for an hour, furs also being uninjured by the treatment. 

 It was found possible to treat the clothing of 2,000 men a day by 

 this means. 



