169 



herbivorous animals and to an indof)r life ; it must occur in all regions 

 where and at all seasons when the disease occurs. 



The biology of Stomoxys culcitrans and the epidemiology of foot and 

 mouth disease have sufficient relation to make transmission by the 

 fly a possibility, although, of course, the aetiology of the disease makes 

 transmission without a living vector quite feasible. 



Sack (P.). Ueber Malaria und Anopheles in Deutschland. [Malaria 

 and ^wo^^e^es in Germany. ]—Fer/?. Deutschen Ges. angeiv. Entom., 

 IT. Mitgliederversmnmlung, Munich, 24-26 Se])tember 1918; 

 Berlin, 1919, pp. 167-196. [Received 28th July 1920.] 



Lists are given of the localities ui Germany where malaria has been 

 recorded and where Anopheles maculipemiis and A. bifurcatus have 

 been observed. The former is the predominant species. There are also 

 notes on the life-history of these mosquitos, and on the transmission 

 of the disease, of which the tertian form is endemic m Germany. 



For the effective prosecution of anti-malarial work the following 

 measures are necessaiy : —The establishment of a central bureau to 

 direct all operations ; the accurate determination of all places where 

 Anophelines occur and where malaria exists or has recently existed ; 

 the treatment of all cases with quinine or salvarsan, such individuals 

 as cannot be treated in this way bemg removed to localities that are 

 known to be free from Anophelmes. It is only by a miiform and 

 methodical campaign that the danger of tliis disease spreading in 

 Germany can be prevented. 



Fulleborn(F.). Nachtrag zu meiner Arbeit iiber Ophthalmomyiasis. 



[An Addition to my Paper on Ocular Mviasis.]— ^rcA. /. Schiffs- 

 u. Trop.-Hyg., Leipsic, xxiv, no. 4, May 1920, pp. 97-100, 2 figs. 



With reference to a former paper [RA.E., B, viii, 151], the author 

 draws attention to a subsequent publication by Prates [R.A.E., B, 

 viii, 66] and to the work of Portcbmsky in 1913 [R.A.E.,B, i, 134], of 

 which he was previously unaware. Both these authorities mention 

 Oestrus ovis as occasionally causing ocular myiasis, and therefore a 

 doubt still remains whether the larva in the case observed by the 

 author in the North of France belongs to this species or to Rhinoestms. 



Martini (E.). Kritische Betrachtungen zur Lehre von der Einheit 

 der Malariaerreger. [A Criticism of the Theory of the Unicity of 

 the Causal Agent of Malaria].— J re/?. /. Schiffs- u. Trop.-Hyg., 

 Leipsic, xxiv, no. 4, May 1920, pp. 100-113. 



Every exact discussion of the epidemiology of malaria must first 

 define the position taken up with regard to the unicist theory [R.A.E., 

 B, vi, 12, 205, 232]. 



Up to the present the conception involved m this theory was that 

 the character of human malaria changed as a result of climatic 

 influence, and appeared either as benign or malignant tertian. In a, 

 recent paper Plehn appears to mdicate, however, that human malaria 

 may reveit from malignant to benign tertian owmg to cold weather, 

 and that m the mosquito the benign form may be re-transformed to 

 the malignant owing to warm weather. 



