171 



NoLLER (W.). Neuere Forschungen auf dem Gebiete der Trypano- 

 somenziichtung. [New Investigations relating to the Method of 

 Reproduction among Trypanosomes.] — Arch. f. Schiffs- ?/. Trop.- 

 Hyg., Leipsic, xxiv, no. 6, June 1920, pp. 168-172. [Received 

 3rd August 1920.] 



The title of this paper indicates the nature of its contents. The 

 conclusions reached are : — As the transformation of trypanosomes into 

 crithidial bodies and vice versa is possible in vitro also, the various 

 forms in the carrier are not based on a sexual development ; the genus 

 Crithidia must be held to be a synonym of Trypanosoma, for it is 

 probable that the trypanosomes of non-blood-sucking bugs that do 

 not change their host may transform into the trypanosome type under 

 the conditions of the blood-trypanosomes ; the fact that at 37° C. 

 (99° F.) the increase of culture trypanosomes becomes slowed down 

 or stops altogether, is in favour of Leger's theory that trypanosomes 

 have evolved from flagellates from invertebrates, which have their chief 

 increase at a low temperature. In many trypanosome groups there 

 are primitive characters mdicative of this. From these forms a Ime 

 of evolution may be traced to the African pathogenic trypanosomes, 

 thence to the trypanosomes that are transmitted purely mechanically 

 (surra, etc.), and luially, to Trypanosoma equiperdum, which requires 

 no carrier. 



Martini (E.). Mitteilungen uber Stechmucken. [Communications 

 regarding Mosquitos.] — Arch. f. Schiffs- u. Trop.-Hyg., Lei]mc, 

 xxiv, no. (3, June 1920, pp. 177-178. [Received 3rd August 1920.] 



With few exceptions Anopheles ?nacidipennis occurs in all the 

 villages around Hamburg ; A. bifurcatus is also found. 



Two new species, Aedes rostochiensis from Warnemiinde and 

 A. semicantans from Miiritz, are briefly described. 



The thymol ointment recommended by d'Ormea [R.A.E., B, viii, 2] 

 has scarcely any repellent efi'ect on Stegomyia fasciata. Two specimens 

 of Anopheles bifurcatus bit within a short time of one another, although 

 a repellent action was visible. The behaviour of different species to 

 repellent substances is very variable. In 1914 it was noticed that 

 citronella soap and other similar soaps and tinctures were effective 

 against Culex pipiens, but not against C. neniorosus. C. pipiens 

 is not a ready feeder on mammalian blood and Anopheles feeds with 

 difficulty on avian blood, while S. fasciata takes both readily. 



Eckstein (F.). Malariaforschung in Bayern. [Malaria Investigation 

 in Bavaria.] — Milnchener Med. Wochenschr., Munich, 1920, no. 7, 

 pp. 183-184, 6 figs. 



The study of malaria control in Bavaria was assigned in 1918 to the 

 new Research Institute for Applied Entomology in Munich and the 

 work was undertaken by the author. 



It was first of all necessary to collect data regarding the location 

 and abundance of Anophelines in the country. A circular on these 

 mosquitos was distributed to the local authorities, doctors, and teachers 

 in order to draw their attention to the subject and to enlist their 

 co-operation. The latter aim was not achieved owing to popular 

 indifference to scientific questions, and to the real difficulty experienced 



