184 



Smillie (W. G.). The Prevalence of Leptospira icterohaemonhagiae 

 in the wild Rats of Sao Paulo, Brazil. — Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., 

 Paris, xiii, no. 7, Tth July 1920, pp. 561-568. 



Existing knowledge with regard to the Leptospira of infectious 

 jaundice is reviewed. From tests carried out in Brazil it seems 

 probable that 75 per cent, or more of the rats of Sao Paulo harbour 

 Leptospira icterohaeniorrhagiae. 



Laveran (A.) & Franchini (G.). Infections experimentales de 

 Chiens et de Cobayes a I'aide de Cultures d'Herpctomonas d'Insectes. 



—Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., Paris, xiii, no. 7, 7th July 1920, pp. 569- 

 576, 1 fig. 



It has previously been shown that severe infection, resulting some- 

 times in death, can be produced in white mice by inoculation with 

 flagellates from various insects [R.A.E., B, vii, 145, 158, 160, etc.]. 

 The present paper describes the results of similar inoculations into 

 dogs and guinea-pigs. Two dogs were inoculated with cultures of 

 Herpetomonas phlebotomi. One of them showed lesions greatly 

 resembling Oriental sore 8 days after the inoculation, the infection 

 lasting 54 days and the lesions yielding parasites greatly resembling 

 Leishmania tropica. The infection remained localised and reinocula- 

 tion later on was without result, showing that the animal had acquired 

 immunity. The second dog was a very young animal and, perhaps 

 in consequence, seemed much more susceptible to the virus. A 

 similar inoculation to the above produced in this case a general 

 infection, without any local lesions, the existence of leishmaniform 

 parasites being discovered only once at the points of inoculation. 

 Parasites were, however, observed in the peripheral blood on various 

 occasions, and after about 3 months the dog was destroyed when in 

 very bad condition, the liver, spleen and bone marrow resembling very 

 closely an infection of kala-azar, and reveahng, besides many leish- 

 maniform parasites, others that resembled Herpetomonas, but without 

 flagella. 



Nine guinea-pigs were inoculated ; 3 with cultures of H. ctenocephali, 

 3 with the variety of this parasite described by Chatton and 3 with 

 cultures of H. phlebotomi. Among 8 inoculated in the peritoneum, 

 only one died ; this was a very young animal inoculated twice at 3 days' 

 interval with strong doses of H. ctenocephali. Leishmaniform parasites 

 were observed in the blood during life and, after death, in the peritoneal 

 exudate, liver, spleen and bone marrow. The other 7 animals inoculated 

 in the peritoneum were destroyed, apparently in good condition, 

 from 44 to 113 days after inoculation, while all were still infected. 

 In each case a slight enlargement of the spleen was noticed at the 

 autopsy and, in the peritoneum, and in stained smears from the liver, 

 spleen and bone marrow, leishmaniform parasites, and elongated 

 forms resembling Herpetomonas but without flagella. A mouse, 

 inoculated with the peritoneal exudate from one of the guinea-pigs, 

 died in four days. The ninth guinea-pig was inoculated in the right 

 testicle with a culture of H. ctenocephali var. chattoni, and showed an 

 infection hmited to this organ, which, at the autopsy 117 days after 

 inoculation, was found to be completely atrophied. 



