195 



\ 



\ Samsonoff ( — ). Intoxication des Ruminants par les Secretions 

 du Criquet pelerin. [Poisoning of Ruminants by the Secretions 

 of the Migratory Locust.] — Rec. Med. Vet., xcv, no. 19, 15th 

 October 1919, pp. 556-563. (Abstract in Troj). Vet. Bull., 

 Lotidon, viii, no. 1, March 1920, pp. 91-92.) 

 In the spring of 1915 great ravages were wrought in Palestine and 

 Syria by dense swarms of migratory locusts, and in May an extremely 

 severe disease, apparently due to an intoxication, was noted among 

 cattle, sheep and goats. Similar symptoms were stated to have oc- 

 curred in cattle, buffalos, and especially sheep, after eating some 

 sorghum leaves that had previously been attacked by locusts. 

 Sorghum and sesame are the only green plants found in May in the 

 country. It is well known that animals can consume dead locusts 

 without harmful effects. In the Hedera district the domestic animals 

 are watered at artificially dug wells. Some of these were completely 

 filled with the dead locust larvae, in others they were less numerous 

 and their secretions had given a greenish yellow colour to the water. 

 Evidence is given in support of the view that the poisoning in cattle 

 watered at these wells was actually due to the secretions. Cattle 

 did not become affected after drinking from wells that had been 

 covered to exclude locusts, or from streams. Symptoms also were 

 noted in the individual animals that drank first from a polluted well ; 

 those drinking subsequently, when clean water had run in, were 

 not affected. 



Eisner (G.). Zur Erklarung der Tertianaanfalle nach Tropikal- 

 infektion. Gegen die Annahme der Einheitlichkeit der Malaria- 

 parasiten. [The Explanation of Benign Tertian Cases following 

 Infection with Tropical Malaria. Controversion of the Unitarian 

 Theorv.] — Bed. Klin. Woehenschr., Berlin, Ivi. no. 17, 28th 

 April,' 1919. pp. 391-395. (Abstract in Twp. Dis. Bull, London, 

 XV, no. 2, 11th February, 1920, p. 96.) 



After several years' experience of malaria in Macedonia, the author 

 rejects the theory that there is only one species of malarial parasite. 



Cases of benign tertian {Plasmodium rivax) in persons who in the 

 previous summer had sufiered only from tropical malaria are readily 

 explained by the former remaining latent for long periods. Quinine 

 prophylaxis is able to keep benign tertian malaria in subjection, but 

 often fails to suppress infection with P. praecox {faleiparum) ; the 

 latter is therefore first in e\'idence in cases of double infection. 



Again, in Macedonia, tropical malaria was acquired late in summer 

 when quinine prophylaxis had become slack, so that P. praecox had 

 a better chance of establishing itself than P. vivax, infection with 

 which occurred earlier, at a time when the prophylaxis was better 

 carried out. 



The author advances the hypothesis that a tropical infection may 

 actually prevent the development of a benign tertian infection. 



Other facts that disprove the unitarian theory are the morphological 

 and histological difi'erences in the parasites, the difi'erences in the 

 types of fever they produce, and the numerous specific epidemiological 

 and clinical features that distinguish benign tertian from tropical 

 malaria. These points are discussed in some detail. 



