considered probable that there is some relation between the prevalence 

 of A. stephensi and the benign tertian epidemic, while it seems probable 

 that the malignant tertian epidemic is largely if not entirely due to 

 A. listoni and A. cidicifacies. 



Vorticellid Protozoa were found as external parasites of larvae of 

 A. stephensi. It is believed that in the West Indies these parasites are 

 harmful to the larvae, which, if they survive, develop very slowly. 

 Acarine parasites were frequently found on A. stephensi, A. ivillmori, 

 and A. maculipalpis. Internal parasites included sporozoites found 

 once out of 45 specimens in the salivary glands of A. stephensi, while 

 zygotes were found once in the gut cf A. cidicifacies, of which 40 

 examples were examined. One female of A. listoni showed a heavy 

 infection with Herpetomonads in the alimentary tract, while infection 

 wdth encysted Trematodes was fairly frequent [see preceding paper]. 



Lucy (S. H. R.). Health and Sanitation on Estates.— ^^fnc. Bull. Fed. 

 Malay States, Kuala Lumpur, v, no. 10, July 1917, pp. 389-402. 



This paper is written from the point of view of a sanitarian concerned 

 with the opening up of virgin jungle for cultivation and the employment 

 thereon of immigrant labour. The site chosen for coolie lines should be 

 flat, well weeded and free of all cultivation, and as distant as possible 

 from ravines and swamps and other favourite breeding-grounds for 

 mosquitos. There should be plenty of light in the lines, though 

 unfortunately the coolies, as well as Anophehne mosquitos, prefer 

 darkness, and the buildings should be whitewashed inside and out at 

 frequent intervals. The usual anti-malarial measures are advocated, 

 including quinine prophylaxis, oiling and piping. Oil -spraying is 

 considered the most suitable measure for mosquito reduction on 

 estates and has proved very successful. Medical supervision and 

 hospital accommodation are discussed and Europeans are advised to 

 have at least one room in their bungalows screened and provided with 

 a double door ; certain minor precautions against mosquitos and 

 malaria are enumerated. 



Haseman (L.). Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis Larvae as Parasites of the 

 Human Intestine (Dipt.). — Entom. News, Philadelphia, xxviii, 

 no. 8, October 1917, pp. 343-346. 



Cases of intestinal myiasis are recorded due to larvae of Anthomyia, 

 and those of Calliphora (Musca) vomitoria and Sarcophaga carnaria in 

 neglected wounds. Intestinal myiasis seems to be due in most cases 

 to the so-called rat-tailed Syrphid maggots {Eristalis), the larvae of 

 Anthomyiidae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagida.e, while myiasis of the 

 urinary tract is caused by the larvae of Fannia. 



A most unusual case of intestinal myiasis due to Sarcophaga 

 haemorrhoidalis is that of a family, consisting of husband, wife, daughter 

 aged nine, and son aged six, all of whom, with the possible exception 

 of the husband, had been subject to attacks during which large numbers 

 of maggots were passed after taking salts, oil or other laxatives. 

 Exhaustive enquiries into the habits and surroundings of the family 

 led to the conclusion that the living larvae had been repeatedly ingested 

 owing to the negligence of the mother in cooking and handling foods ; 



(C434) a2 



