immediately placed under mosquito-nets and, as soon as the diagnosis 

 was confirmed, was removed to a hospital in a locality free from 

 malaria. Only relatively few cases of malaria occurred, these being 

 probably due to a variety of causes, including the longer survival of 

 some Anophelines after hibernation, the unsuspected presence of some 

 carriers among the soldiers themselves, wind-carriage of mosquitos, 

 and the acquisition of infection behind the firing zone. 



Gray (C. P.)- Larva migrans on the Mexican Border. — N.Y. Med. Jl., 



New York, cvi, no. 1, 7th July 1917, pp. 15-16, 2 figs. 



Cases of vesicular dermatitis on the backs of troops marching with 

 packs are described. In the author's opinion the larva migrans of 

 an Oestrid fly was responsible for this afEection, which was traced back 

 to an old corral infested with flies and horse manure. No definite 

 parasite was found however, and no satisfactory evidence is adduced 

 in support of this view. 



MiTZMAiN (M. B.). Is Mosquito or Man the Winter Carrier of Malaria 

 Organisms? — U. S. Public Health Service, Washington, D.C., Bull, 

 no. 84, December 1916, 29 pp., 19 figs. [Received 5th November 

 1917.] 



This paper records studies carried out for the purpose of determining 

 which of the potential hosts, mosquito or man, is the carrier responsible 

 for the perpetuation of the malaria organism during the inactive 

 period of winter. The majority of writers on malarial epidemiology 

 are unanimous in expressing the belief that the mosquito phase of the 

 overwintering of malaria is a negligible factor ; these opinions are 

 however based upon a uniform absence of experimental proof. 



Hibernation studies were made during February to June, 1915, in 

 the southern part of the United States, where conditions seem to be 

 essentially similar to those occurring in other localities to which 

 previous literature has referred. In the course of exhaustive searches, 

 the only places in which mosquitos were found were under houses and 

 in the depth of woods ; no eggs, hibernating larvae or pupae were 

 discovered. The conclusion drawn is that adult females are the only 

 forms that hibernate in the regions studied ; eggs or stored fat-cells 

 were found upon dissection of the individuals captured, while no males 

 were observed. The later appearance of male Anophehnes indicates 

 recent emergences and is interpreted to herald the arrival of the spring 

 brood, which generally occurs in the early days of May. Laboratory 

 tests showed that ovi position did not take place at temperatures 

 between 40° and 55° F. It was ascertained in the course of these 

 winter studies that the occasional biting of disturbed hibernating 

 Anopheles had no pathogenic significance, all the clinical malarial 

 infections occurring in the region during this period being proved to 

 be recurrences of former attacks. It was concluded therefore that 

 hibernating Anophelines collected in this region did not harbour 

 malaria parasites, for none could be found in 2,122 specimens that 

 were dissected. 



In the investigation of man as the responsible winter carrier, 1,184 

 persons residing within the area under consideration were examined 

 for malaria parasites, the results showing that 492 were infected, and 



