Gulf of Mexico. It does not occur in forested country, but is locally- 

 abundant in favourably situated tidal pools. It has as many 

 generations in the year as the conditions warrant. 



The authors are now of opinion that A. quaylei, D. & K., 

 A. lativittatus, Coq., and A. onandagensis, Felt, are synonyms of this 

 species, their separation, mainly on larval characters, having broken 

 down upon further investigation. They also consider that a second 

 species may still be confused with A. curriei, viz., A. mediolineatus, 

 Ludl., which has hitherto been treated as a melanotic variety of the 

 former. 



Dyar (H. G.). a New Aedes from the Rocky Mountain Region 

 (Diptera, Culicidae). — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington, 

 D.C., V, no. 7-9, July-September 1917, pp. 127-128. 



The new species dealt with in this paper is Aedes acrophilus, from 

 Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada. 



Howard (C. W.). Hibernation of the House-fly in Minnesota. — Jl. 



Econ. Entom., Concord, N.H.,x,tio. 5, October 1917, pp. 464-468. 



There has been much discussion in recent years as to the manner 

 in which Musca domestim. (house-fly) passes the winter. It has been 

 shown conclusively that in a mild climate, such as that of Texas, it is 

 possible for both larvae and pupae to pass the winter and for adults 

 to emerge in the spring. Hewitt, after observations on flies in Ottawa 

 in 1915, returned to the older theory that the fly hibernates as an 

 adult in a dormant condition where temperature and food-conditions 

 are suitable, while suggesting that immature stages may survive the 

 winter in such favourable conditions as warm stables. Adult house- 

 flies are rarely found in winter in buildings or other protected 

 places. 



Temperatures in Minnesota frequently fall to — ^25° or — 30° F. and 

 remain below zero over considerable periods in mid-winter. Flies 

 continue to breed until late in October or early November, the last 

 adults that have not been killed by Empusa muscae generally 

 succumbing to the first heavy frost in November. Individual adults 

 of both sexes have been taken in each month from December to April 

 in houses where temperature and food-conditions are favourable. 

 House-flies seldom become noticeable before mid-June, and are not 

 abundant until mid-July. Experiments were conducted to test the 

 ability of adult house-flies to live through the winter, but in all cases 

 the flies died when the temperature neared freezing-point. During the 

 summer of 1914 several attempts were made to find the reaction of 

 various stages of M. domestica to low temperatures ; the results 

 indicated that all stages are very sensitive to low temperatures, even 

 40° F. causing death if long continued. In the spring of 1914, 1915 

 and again in 1917, living pupae were carefully sought for in the manure 

 and compost heaps on the University farm. Over 1,600 apparently 

 living pupae were thus collected, but not a single adult emerged from 

 them in the laboratory, nor were any adults observed about the 

 compost heap or in houses up to 10th June. These observations point 

 to the conclusion that the conditions of Minnesota winters are not 



