27 



in any way. A similar treatment of 10-20 c.c. per day applied with a 

 sprayer in sanitary bins would keep them free from maggots, deodorise 

 them and repel flies, the expense being neghgible, while refuse tips 

 would require no further treatment, especially if dust-carts were 

 provided with suitable sprayers. 



The chief objections to the use of creosote oil for such purposes are 

 (i) its irritant action on the skin and mucous membrane, which is 

 slight, while the eyes can be protected by glasses during spraying 

 operations ; (ii) its inflammability, which is however low, except when 

 used as a spray, suitable precautions being then easily taken ; (iii) 

 difficulties in transport, which in view of the excellent results obtained, 

 and when weighed against the economy in labour, are of little 

 importance. 



Dickinson (C. G.) & Hill (G. F.). Investigations into the Cause of 

 Worm Nodules {Onchocerca gihsoni) in Cattle. — Rept. Dept. Trade 

 & Customs, Melbourne, 15th August 1916, 7 pp. [Received 

 19th November 1917.] 

 This report, dealing with experiments conducted from August to 

 January, is supplementary to those already recorded [see this Review, 

 Ser. B, iv, p. 8]. The conclusions reached were the same as before, 

 namely, that calves from a nodule-free State became infected within 

 eight months of their arrival when grazing on high, dry ground in 

 company with infected cattle ; and further, that such calves did not 

 become infected during the same period when enclosed in an open pen 

 with a concrete floor within 30 yards of a paddock within which 

 afiected cattle were pastured, although exposed to the attacks of 

 Tahanus master si, Wlk., T. nigritarsis, Tayl., Stomoxys calcitrans, L., 

 Lyperosia exigua, de Meij., several species of Culicidae, the tick, 

 Margaropus (Boophilus) australis, Fuller, and probably sandflies, all 

 of which may therefore be ehminated from the list of possible vectors. 

 The following common species of mosquitos may also be eliminated, 

 it being safe to assume that calves grazing in the open paddock were 

 frequently bitten by them : Anopheles {Myzorhynchus) hancrofti, Giles, 

 Ochlerotatus {Culicelsa) vigilax, Skuse, Taeniorhynchus brevicellulus 

 {Chrysoconops acer, ^Vlk.), Culex sitiens Wied., Pseudoskusea basalis, 

 Tayl., and Taeniorhynchus uniformis, Theo. It was found that 

 certain species of Tabanidae, notably T. nifinotatus. Big., and 

 T. cinerescens, MacL, rarely, if ever, attack stock under a roof. 



The negative results of these experiments have not led to the 

 discovery of an intermediate host of the parasite causing onchocercosis 

 in cattle, but they have definitely excluded as possible vectors the above- 

 named species and any purely aquatic forms other than those found in 

 the drinking water, which was obtained from a bore 116 feet deep. 



Chatton (E.) & Blanc (G.). Notes et Reflexions sur le Toxoplasme et 

 la Toxoplasmose du Gondi {Toxojjlasma gundii, Nicolleet Manceaux, 

 1909). [Notes and Reflections on the Toxoplasma and Toxo- 

 plasmosis of the Gundi {Toxoplasma giindii, Nicolle & Manceaux, 

 1909).].— ^rc^. Inst. Pasteur, Tunis, x, no. 1-2, October 1917, 

 pp. 1-40, 1 plate. 



The gundi [Ctenodacfylus gundi] is the mammal in which toxoplas- 

 mosis has been most frequently and most regularly found, the disease 



