46 



of the diapliragm or up the posterior border of the ribs, entering the 

 canal by the posterior foramen ; from there they descend the canal 

 under the dura mater, emerge again through the foramen and reach 

 the back, forming the warbles. The larvae follow connective tissue 

 exclusively ; none have been discovered in muscular tissue. H. linea- 

 tum begins to emerge in February and finishes about 1st May. 

 H. bovis begins about 1st May and ends approximately on 1st July. 

 The average pupal period for H. bovis is 32| days and for H. lineatum 

 a little less. 



Smith (E. L). Tick Eradication.— JZ. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, Ithaca, 

 N.Y., li, no. 6, September 1917, pp. 779-786, 4 figs. 



This is a general account of the measures adopted in Louisiana 

 against ticks infesting cattle. In 1916 there were 1,516,081 dippings 

 under the supervision of inspectors ; the work was done on the 21-day 



system. 



Caement (A. G.). Public Health Division's Report for 1915. — Zanzi- 

 bar Protectorate Med. & Pub. Health Repts. for 1915 ; Zanzibar, 

 1916, pp. 19-36. 



Filariasis was very widespread during the year, and in 150 examina- 

 tions of blood films microfilaria were found in nearly 39 per cent. 

 The malarial death rate greatly diminished, showing a decrease of 

 over one-third from that of the previous year, indicating good work 

 accomplished by the chief sanitary inspector and his assistants. ■" >"« 



The report on trypanosomiasis records an outbreak of the disease 

 at Mwera in July 1915. Examinations of the blood of a herd of 

 bulls revealed many trypanosomes ; many blood-sucking flies, including 

 Stomoxys calcitrans and S. nigra, attacked the animals. This out- 

 break proved to be the most serious ever experienced in Zanzibar. 

 The author considers that the trypanosomes found probably resemble 

 those reported in 1906 as being of the type T. brucei evansi. In 

 inoculation experiments, guinea-pigs proved absolutely immune, but 

 goats, dogs, a monkey and a donkey were all successfully inoculated. 

 A feature of interest in connection with this epidemic was the occurrence 

 of three simultaneous outbreaks that could scarcely be connected by 

 a vector. It was found that even the most casual isolation of one 

 infected animal in proximity to healthy ones prevented the spread 

 of the disease. 



Aders (W. M.). Entomology in Relation to Public Health and Medicine. 



— Zanzibar Protectorate Med. & Pub. Health Repts. for 1916 ; 

 Zanzibar, 1916, pp. 47-49. 



The information in this paper concerning the mosquitos of Zanzibar 

 and Pemba has been dealt with elsewhere [see this Review, Ser. B, v, 

 p. 147]. 



The tick, Rhipicephalus pulchellus, is common on imported stock 

 from British East Africa, but is apparently unable to acclimatise itself 

 on the island and has never been taken from local stock. A number 

 of non-blood-sucking flies, including Musca domestica, Chrysomyia 

 {Pycnosoma) putoria and Biomyia tempestatum, have been taken feeding 



