47 



in conjunction with Stomoxys calcitmns and S. nigra. These flies alight 

 in close proximity to a feeding Stomoxys, and the moment the latter 

 moves there is a scramble among the non-bloodsuckers for the remain- 

 ing droplet of blood. It seems therefore possible for non-blood- 

 sucking flies to transmit various blood parasites mechanically through 

 the agency of wounds. Oestrus ovis is foimd in the larval stage in 

 nearly every goat's head examined throughout the island. 



Cleveland (R. A.). Public Health. — Cyprus Ann. Med. Rept. for 



Year ending 31st December 1916, Nicosia, 23rd April 1917, 



pp. 7-11. 



The malarial incidence shows a steady reduction since 1912 to 



approximately one-fourth of the cases then recorded. The climate 



of Cyprus is unfavourable for mosquito breeding until April, the 



period from November to March generally being too cold, especially 



for Anopheles. Anti-malarial work therefore begins in April of each 



year. The details of this work for the year under review are given 



and comprise the usual measures. 



Alexander (D.). Sanitation. — Govt. Gold. Coast Med. & Sanitary 

 Rept. for Year 1916, Accra, 27th April 1917, pp. 11-14. 



Various preventive measures against mosquitos have been regularly 

 and thoroughly carried out. A new method of fumigating buildings 

 against mosquitos was tried experimentally at Accra and has given 

 very satisfactory results. Creolin was first used, then Izal and then 

 a mixture of the two substances. It was found necessary to use 

 enamelled receptacles instead of dull iron in order to avoid a deposit 

 of soot after the process. The apparatus required is simply a receptacle 

 holding enough fumigant for a room of 3,000 cub. ft. and a lamp 

 capable of vaporising this amount in three hours. Doors and windows 

 do not need sealing, but merely closing, and the room can be entered 

 a few minutes after the doors are opened. This method is much cheaper 

 than fumigation by sulphur. The control of tsetse-flies at fords and 

 watering places is being attempted by bush clearing. 



Horn (A. E.). Colony of the Gambia: Annual Medical & Sanitary 

 Rept. for Year 1915, Bathurst, 1916, 23 pp. 



Malaria was prevalent among the native population in Bathurst 

 during September and October, 1915. Oiling was extensively prac- 

 tised and the percentage of infected compounds has considerably 

 decreased in consequence. A total of 622 mosquitos was taken 

 consisting of : — Stegomyia 94 per cent.. Culex 5 "5 per cent., Anopheles 

 •5 per cent. The high percentage of Stegomyia indicates the necessity 

 for a determined campaign against the conditions of mosquito breeding 

 in compounds. Anti-mosquito measures practised have included 

 frequent prosecutions of persons on whose premises mosquito larvae 

 are found, frequent inspections and advice to the public, bush clearing 

 and the stocking of wells and lagoons with suitable fish. Some 

 dozens of fish taken from the drains were emptied into a large salt 

 lagoon in which Culex thaJassius was breeding ; these need constant 

 renewing owing to wastage from predatory birds. General sanitary 

 methods have also assisted in mosquito control. 



