48 



Orpen (R. W.)- Colony of the Gambia: Annual Medical & Sanitary 

 Rept. for Year 1916, Bathurst, ]917, 25 pp. 



There was a considerable amount of malaria during the year, most 

 of the cases being imported into Bathurst by persons coming in from 

 the rivers and creeks where mosquitos abound. In the town itself 

 the Anopheline breeding-grounds are being gradually reduced. Stego- 

 myia fasciata is still the most prevalent species. One fatal case of 

 yellow fever occurred. 



A few cases of human trypanosomiasis having occurred, two of 

 which proved fatal, the question was raised of having the mangroves 

 cleared away from the town and it is hoped that in the coming year 

 a considerable belt will be freed from Glossina. The mosquito 

 indices, which have been taken each month during the rains, show 

 on the whole an improvement. The fish with which the wells and 

 lagoons have been stocked have proved a great success, and the clouds 

 of Culex that used to invade the town from time to time have disap- 

 peared. Chromis bimaculatus and Hemicliromis macrocephalus are 

 the species that have been employed, the lagoons being connected 

 up by canals so that the fish could pass freely from one to the other. 

 Oiling has also been more extensively practised than in previous years. 



Fantham (H. B.). Some Parasitic Protozoa of Man, and their probable 

 Evolution. — Med. Jl. S. Africa, Johannesburg, xiii, no. 3, 

 pp. 33-48, 37 figs. 



The subject-matter of this paper is indicated by its title, incidental 

 mention being made of the insects concerned in the transmission of 

 these protozoa. 



Dyar(H.G.). The Mosquitos of the Mountains of California (Diptera, 

 Culicidae). — Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington, D.C., v, 

 no. 1-3, January-March 1917, pp. 11-21. 



In this paper the author notices among other mosquitos all the 

 the species of Aedes occurring in the Sierra Nevada mountains of 

 California. A. tahoensis, Dyar, from the northern part of these 

 mountains has peculiar breeding places consisting of isolated pools, 

 filled by melting snow, which usually become quite dry by the first 

 of July. This species is always present in these pools in large numbers, 

 being the commonest mosquito of the mountains during its season. 

 A. hexodontus, Dyar, breeds in marshy pools, often of very small size, 

 filled by snow-water. A. increpitxs, Dyar, occurs in vast numbers 

 in valleys, the Yosemite valley in May being full of the larvae in the 

 river and woodland pools. This species has also been found breeding 

 in wave pools behind gravel beaches at the end of a lake, and in a 

 grassy pool in a meadow, where the larvae appear early and can be 

 found throughout June. The larvae of A. palustris, Dyar, live in 

 grassy marshes, the adults flying in the high mountains. A. vexans, 

 Meig. {sylvestris, Theo.) is a widely spread species, occurring rarely 

 in the Yosemite valley, though widely distributed over Europe and 

 N. America. It breeds in temporary woodland and roadside pools 

 along the Atlantic seaboard. A. cinereus, Meig. {fusciis, 0.) is a 

 species common to Europe and America, breeding in temporary 

 woodland pools in the east, but being a river valley species in the 



