70 



The subject of the abolition of breeding-places is fully dealt with, 

 especially those of Culex pipiens, C. fatigans {quinquefasciatus) and 

 Stegomyia fasciata, which breed in every chance receptacle of water, 

 many of the more unlikely ones being enumerated. 



Other mosquitos that breed in swamps and salt marshes must be 

 dealt with by drainage measures, or, when this method is not 

 practicable, by oiling the water surface, common kerosene being the 

 most satisfactory oil, as regards both efficiency and price. A special 

 larvicide, largely used in Panama has already been noticed [see this 

 Review, Ser. B, iv, p. 97]. 



Control by means of natural enemies is of practical value, one of 

 the most useful being a gold-fish of the genus Girardinus, which destroys 

 the larvae, as do also some aquatic insects, while others as well as 

 birds and bats eat the adults. 



The planting of certain trees and plants, such as Eucalyptus, the 

 castor-oil plant and china-berry tree, is sometimes stated to act as a 

 deterrent, though there is little scientific evidence of this. 



Herms (W. B.). The Mosquito Survey of California. An Account of 

 the Second Season's Work. — Milily. Bull. Col. State Bd. Health, 

 Sacramento, xiii, no. 6, December 1917, pp. 267-271. 



In the course of this detailed account of the work of the mosquito 

 survey from May-October, 1917, the author records the occurrence of 

 salt-marsh mosquitos in several districts, these being the only ones 

 found in the San Francisco Bay area. With very few exceptions the 

 Anophelines collected along the coast were Anop)heles pseudopuncti- 

 pennis, a slight or ineffective carrier of malaria. 



An inspection of the smaller military camps showed that, owing to 

 ignorance, the sanitary conditions, particularly with regard to flies, 

 mosquitos and the disposal of camp sewage, were very imperfect, in 

 many cases Anopheline mosquitos being found breeding within a few 

 feet of the tents. On another camp site A^iopheles quadrimacidatus, 

 A. punctipennis and A. psetidopunctijiennis were found to be breeding, 

 while the salt-marsh mosquito, Aedes curriei, was at times very 

 troublesome. 



Much good would doubtless result from a greater measure of 

 uniformity and co-ordination in administration. 



Lagriffoul (A.) & PiCARD (F.). Remarques sur le Paludisme dans la 

 XVIe Region. Cas autochtone a Plasmodium piraecox. [Remarks 

 on Malaria in the 16th District. A locaUy-acquired Case due to 

 Plasmodium praecox.] — Bidl. Soc. Path. Exot., Paris, x, no. 10, 

 12th December 1917, pp. 883-885. 



The majority of the cases of malaria from Macedonia were contracted 

 in the summer of 1 9 1 6. Although the conditions were highly favourable 

 for infection by Plasmodium praecox, the causative agent in most cases 

 was P. vivax. Very few cases of the simultaneous presence of these two 

 parasites were observed. The persistence of P. jyraecox was 

 remarkable, lasting for more than a year after the original infection. 



With regard to France, several interesting observations have been 

 made. Although ague has never completely disappeared from Herault, 



