78 



To destroy them walls and bedsteads may be scorcbed with a 

 soldering lamp, and the author cleared a barracks in this manner. 

 Before reaching maturity the bed-bug undergoes 5 moults at intervals 

 ranging from about 10 days to several months. In most cases severe 

 cold and prolonged hunger delay moulting and general development. 

 In the case of 35 bugs the total life-cycle occupied an average of 210 

 days. Mating takes place some days after the fifth moult. Oviposition 

 occurs throughout the year. In the case of 131 eggs hatching took 

 place after an average period of 23 days. 



Natvig (L. R.). Beitrag zur Biologie der Dasselfliegen des Renntiers. 



[Contribution to the Life- history of the Bot-Fhes of Reindeer.] — 

 Tromso Museums Aarshefter 38 & 39,1915-1916, pp. 117-132, 

 5 text-figs., 1 plate. [Received 4th March 1918.] 



These observations on Cephenomyia trotnpe, L., and Oedemagena 

 tarandi, L., were made in those parts of Norway to which the 

 Laplanders bring their reindeer to pasture from the beginning of May 

 till September. Every year some of the young animals fall down dead, 

 and their death is believed by both the Laplanders and the farmers to 

 be due to the presence of Cejphenomyia trompe, L. The author had an 

 opportunity of dissecting a young reindeer which had died, and he 

 found in the nasal cavities and the larynx as many as 130 larvae of this 

 species. In the absence of other symptoms, he concludes that death 

 had been caused by the larvae giving rise to suffocation. It was 

 repeatedly noticed that reindeer suffer from catarrh in the nose, the 

 animals being then very irritated and trying to rub their noses against 

 tree-trunks. After violent sneezing, pupae of C. trompe may be found 

 on the spot where the animals have been standing. It is very 

 remarkable that no larvae are found on the ground under these 

 circumstances, but this is doubtless due to the fact that the larvae 

 transform into pupae very soon after leaving their host. 



The adult flies emerge in from 15-19 days, the first being found on 

 the 12th July and the last on the 31st of that month. The reindeer 

 always become very agitated when the flies were seen hovering around 

 them and try to escape oviposition by lowering their heads and hiding 

 their noses in the vegetation. 



In the skin of the reindeer above-mentioned about 300 larvae of 

 Oedemagena tarandi, L., were also found. 0. tarandi oviposits chiefly 

 on the new coat which is growing at this time, the number of eggs laid 

 on one hair varying from 1 to 9. The young larvae hatch in about a 

 fortnight. 



Marzinovsky (Dr. E. I.). JIuxopaflKa Pappataci Ha KaBHaacKOM-b 



^pOHTt. [Pappataci-Fever on the Caucasian Front.] — « WleflM- 

 l^MHCKOe 0603ptHie.» [The Medical Review], Moscoiv, Ixxxvii. 

 no. 13-14-15-16, 1917, pp. 603-613. [Received 12th February 

 1918.] 



Until recently the only tropical disease known in Russia was malaria ; 

 of late, however, a number of new diseases such as kala-azar in Trans- 

 caucasia, tropical dysentery and blackwater fever have made their 

 appearance. In many localities on the coast of the Black Sea Stcgomyia 



