79 



fasciata has been discovered and outbreaks of yellow fever may be 

 expected. During the War, the Russian army in Asiatic Turkey and 

 Persia suffered to a considerable degree from sand-fiy fever, the 

 carrier of which is Plilehotomus papafasii. A table showing the position 

 of the genus Plilehotomus in the Diptera, and a list of 24 species 

 of this genus hitherto described are given, followed by a description of 

 P. papatasii, and a short account of its life-history. The author 

 subjected himself to the bites of some examples of this midge, which 

 were brought from Trebizond to Tifiis, having been caught in a room 

 where patients with this fever were lying, and in a few days he fell ill 

 with the disease. The midges died in captivity in from 5 to 7 days. 

 Preventive remedies against this disease are extremely difficult and 

 must be directed chiefly to sanitary measures and to the destruction 

 of the breeding-places of the insects. Fumigation as a means of 

 keeping the insects away from houses is useless, but the use of nets for 

 protection when asleep is very efEective. Recently cases of sand-fly 

 fever have also occurred in Tiilis. 



Marzinovsky (Dr. E. I.). HoBblR BMfl"b Plilehotomus' 2i BTj PocciM— 



Plilehotomus caucasicus, sp. nov. [A new Species of Plilehotomus 

 in Russia — Plilehotomus caucasicus, sp. nov.] — « MeflMl^MHCKOe 

 0603p'bHie.» [The Medical Review], Moscow, Ixxxvii, no. 13- 

 14-15-16, 1917, pp. 612-614, 17 figs. [Received 12th February 

 1918.] 



Nothing was known until quite recently about the presence of 

 Plilehotomus in Russia, but in 1916 a search for P. papatasii in 

 Tifiis resulted in the discovery of the above new species, which is here 

 described and figured. It is thought probable that P. caucasicus may 

 also act as carrier of sand-fly fever. 



Garin (C). Etude sur un Bacille Parasite des Larves d'Anopheles : le 

 B. de Loutraz. [A Study on a Bacillus parasitic in Anopheline 

 Larvae ; the Bacillus of Loutraz.] — C. R. Soc. Biol, Paris, Ixxxi, 

 no. 1, 12th January 1918, pp. 41-43. 



In the course of experimental investigations on the larvae of 

 Anopheles maculipennis and A. bifurcatus during the sununer of 1917, 

 it was found that they were attacked by an epidemic, the bacillus of 

 Loutraz being isolated from the dead larvae. The virulence of this 

 bacillus is greatest when just isolated from the dead larva, and it 

 decreases by slow degrees in succeeding passages through artificial 

 media. The larvae do not become infected by ingestion, but in the 

 course of respiration at the surface of the water, where the bacilli 

 multiply. This organism has no pathogenic effect on the larvae of 

 Culex pipiens, nor on grasshoppers, by ingestion, nor on mammals 

 such as the guinea-pig, dog, and rabbit either by intraperitoneal or 

 subcutaneous injection. Gold-fish also lived for a month in water 

 daily contaminated with it. 



Further experiments wall be made to show whether this bacillus, so 

 fatal to Anopheline mosquitos in small vessels, is equally so in nature ; 

 whether the artificial contamination of Anophehne breeding-places 

 will result in an appreciable diminution in the number of larvae ; and 



