83 



Moor (C. G.) & Cooper (E. A.). Field Sanitation.— ZowcZon, Bailliere, 

 Tindall & Cox, 220 pp., numerous text-figures. Price 2s. 6i. net. 



This booklet contains simple instructions relative to the maintenance 

 of health and the prevention of disease. It is described as the outcome 

 of many changes in sanitary work and appliances that have developed 

 during the War, and is published with a view to assisting all those 

 interested in field sanitation. A chapter is devoted to the control of 

 flies and other insect pests and the dangers arising from their presence 

 is discussed. Flies are now destroyed in all their stages, many useful 

 methods being detailed. The proper disposal of human excreta and of 

 all refuse in camps in order to prevent epidemics of such diseases as 

 typhoid, dysentery and cholera, is discussed at length. Various 

 suggestions for economising public money in the use of waste pro- 

 ducts are given. An appendix contains working sketches of useful 

 appliances that can be made from materials at hand, and the booklet 

 is supplied Avith an index. 



Malloch (J. R.). A Preliminary Classification of Diptera, exclusive 

 of Pupipara, based upon Larval or Pupal Characters, with Keys to 

 Imagines in Certain Families. Part I. — Bull. Illinois State Lab. 

 Nat. Hist., Urbana, xii, Article 3, March 1917, pp, 161-407, 

 30 plates. [Received 4:th February 1918.] 



This work is based on North American material. The Sarco- 

 PHAGIDAE include some species that are true parasites, but the 

 majority are feeders upon decaying animal and vegetable matter. All 

 species of Muscidae are scavengers, many of them being beneficial ; 

 the Gastrophilidae, Hippoboscidae and Oestridae are all distinctly 

 injurious. The flesh-flies and some other groups sometimes cause 

 myiasis in man, the larvae flnding their way into the stomach with 

 food in which the flies have deposited their eggs. Among the 

 PsYCHODiDAE, the species of Phlebotonms are blood-suckers and are 

 capable of transmitting sand-fly fever and verruga to man. Pericoma 

 townsvillensis has been recorded from Australia as a blood-sucking 

 species [see this Review, Ser. B, iv, p. 30]. This species should be 

 placed in either Psychoda or Phlebotomus, probably the latter. The 

 family Culicidae is so well-known and has been so widely studied that 

 only the principal divisions are indicated in this work. Certain species 

 are the only known vectors of malaria, yellow fever and filariasis. A 

 key to the sub-families is given. The family Ceratopogonidae is 

 separated by the author from Chironomidae, to which it is closely 

 allied, and a key to the genera is given. The imagines of the genus 

 Culicoides are invariably blood-suckers. Pseudoculicoides is also a 

 blood-sucking genus. This habit has not been recorded for any of the 

 other genera, in so far as man and domestic animals are concerned, 

 though they attack other insects.* 



A key is also given to the genera of the Tabanidae. The adults of 

 this family are among the worst of the biting pests of cattle. The 

 genus Tabanus attacks cattle and other domestic animals almost 

 exclusively, but Chrysops is also a persistent pest of man, at least one 

 African species being responsible for the conveyance of filariasis. 



* [In Africa species of Ceratopogon (Forcipomyui) and Johannseniella 

 have been recorded as attacking man. — Ed.] 



