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OzzARD (A. T.)- Some Sanitation Problems of the Sugar Estates and 

 Villages of British Guiana. — Trans. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., London, 

 xi, no. 2, December 1917, pp. 71-92. [Received Idth February 

 1918.] 



A portion of this paper is devoted to a discussion of the chief diseases 

 against which sanitary measures are required. With regard to yellow 

 fever, it is hoped that no more serious epidemics will occur, but as 

 cases do still arise in some of the neighbouring islands and adjoining 

 countries a proper observance of all mosquito by-laws is necessary to 

 prevent a recurrence of this disease. Unfortunately these by-laws are 

 very often ignored, while the greatest faith is placed in quinine 

 administration, which the author characterises as " possibly the 

 weakest of all anti-malaria measures." It is an extraordinary fact that 

 in a colony where filariasis is so painfully evident and causes a great 

 deal of disabling sickness, much opposition occurs to even the most 

 necessary rules for sanitation and mosquito prophylaxis. 



The author is strongly of opinion that it would be wiser to devote 

 money and energy to combating mosquitos rather than to forcing the 

 administration of quinine on an unwilling population. The clearing 

 of much of the bush and undergrowth in the neighbourhood of villages 

 in British Guiana is considered a necessary accessory measure. Malaria, 

 while showing a marked drop within recent years, has recently shown 

 a considerable rise, further emphasising the need for mosquito control. 



Walsh (J. H. T.). The Geographical Distribution of Human Diseases 

 and their Control. — Trans. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., London, xi, 

 no. 3, January 1918, pp. 105-125. [Received 14th February 1918.] 



This review includes a discussion of the more important insect- 

 borne diseases in the tropics. 



Cheisty (C). Tsetse Flies and Fly-belts. — Ann. Trop. Med. Parasito- 

 logy, Liverpool, xi, no. 3, 31st January 1918, pp. 279-282. 



It is a well-known fact that Glossina morsitans and its allies are 

 rarely to be met with outside certain areas known as fly-belts. Beyond 

 these belts there is something inimical to the fly, though what this may 

 be is unknown. The flies migrate en masse from one part of the belt to 

 another, but seldom stray beyond it even in pursuit of animals. There 

 are two forms of migration within the belt ; one is at the time when 

 the bush is burnt in the dry season, when the flies retreat to the shelter 

 afforded beside streams and moist places and remain there until the 

 bush begins to grow again in the spring ; the other form of migration 

 is difficult to understand. It is not known whether the fly has definite 

 months of migration, or what prompts its movements. The author is 

 convinced that animals play a very unimportant part, if any, in this 

 migration. He has observed flies swarming about a herd of buftalo 

 one week, and in the following week, though the same herd was in the 

 same place, not a fly was visible. Large areas of country may swarm 

 with fly and yet contain scarcely any game ; such areas are found in 

 the Upper Bahr-el-Ghazal, where tall spear-grass is a conspicuous 

 feature. In some districts both there and in the Eastern Welle basin 

 Glossina morsitans is found in millions, apparently irrespective of 



