101 



of the manure preventing further breeding. The wagons bringing 

 the daily load were driven on to the heaps and unloaded and driven 

 off from the other end, thus helping to pack the heaps tightly. Two 

 such dumps lasted about four weeks, being then about 5 ft. high. 



This method not being possible in the case of mobile units out in 

 the desert, owing to the scattered camps and the difficulty of transport, 

 it was necessary to have recourse to incineration, each unit being 

 made responsible for burning its own manure. Owing to the large 

 amount of sand mixed with it, it was found necessary to sift it before 

 burning, the siftings, which contained a quantity of pulverised manure, 

 being put into a deep pit and liberally treated daily with crude tar 

 oil. It is also necessary to dispose entirely of each day's manure, 

 any left in the neighbourhood of the incinerators affording a suitable 

 breeding ground for flies. 



During the hot weather the making of manure roads is a satisfactory 

 method of manure disposal, especially when carefully supervised. 

 On a road track into the desert each day's manure was laid on succes- 

 sive sections and spread to a depth of one inch, four days being allowed 

 to elapse before each section received a second covering ; in this way 

 a good road of dry pulverised manure was made. 



The treatment of latrines by the establishment of the deep trench 

 system is the practice generally adopted. When the contents of the 

 trench reached to within 18 inches of the top, the contents and sides 

 were thoroughly sprayed with cresol 10 per cent., or crude tar oil 

 and the trench then filled in with sand thoroughly mixed with crude 

 tar oil. A mound made with tibbin and sand, in the proportion 

 tibbin 6, sand 1, mixed with water, was then formed over it, and this 

 set quite hard and practically imprisoned all flies that might be 

 breeding in the trench. 



To prevent any larvae that might hatch from burrowing out 

 diagonally through the loose sand, a piece of canvas soaked in crude 

 tar oil was stretched over the trench about 6 ins. below the surface, 

 and extending to 18 ins. all round it. A second trench about 6 ins. 

 deep was then made round the first and about 1 ft. from the edge 

 of it and filled in with sand liberally mixed with cresol and tightly 

 packed, the whole being then covered with a mound. This method 

 prevents any lateral emergence. 



The methods that have proved most satisfactory for the incineration 

 of excreta, for the disposal of camp and cook-house refuse, for the dis- 

 posal of dead animals, and for the destruction of adult flies by spraying, 

 the use of tanglefoot fly wires, fly traps and poisoned bait are fully 

 described and illustrated by figures and plans. 



RouBAUD (E.). Disparition du Pouvoir infectant chez I'Anophele 

 palud6en, au cours de I'Hibernation. [Loss during Hibernation of 

 the Power of malarial Anophelines to transmit Infection.]— C*. R. 

 Hebdom. Acad. Sciences, Paris, clxvi, no. 6, 11th February 1918, 

 pp. 264-266. 



Experiments with Anopheles maculipennis infected with the Plas- 

 modium of malignant tertian malaria have proved not only that the 

 sporozoits are discharged from the salivary glands by a relatively 

 small number of punctures, but also that if they are not so discharged 

 they slowly degenerate in the glandular tissue or in the salivary medium. 



