112 



conviction that epidemic poliomyelitis is not spread by means of 

 Stomoxys calcitrans (biting stable fly), the negative results obtained 

 being in accordance with recent investigations, and with, the belief 

 that the infection is local and neural and by way of the lymphatics, 

 not general by way of the blood stream. 



El Rhinoestrus nasalis, De Geer. — Bol. Soc. Entom. de Espaha, Zara- 

 goza, i, no. 3, March 1918, p. 51. 



A larva of Gastrophilus (Rhinoestrus) nasalis infesting the human 

 eye is recorded from Cataluna. 



RouBAUD (E.). Le R61e des Mouches dans la Dispersion des Amibes 

 dysent6riques et autres Protozoaires intestinaux. [The Role of 

 Flies in the Dispersal of Dysenteric Amoebae and other Intestinal 

 Vrotozoa.]— Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., Paris, xi, no. 3, 13th March 

 1918, pp. 166-171. 



The author reviews the various and conflicting theories propounded 

 by different authors on the question of the dispersal of the intestinal 

 Protozoa of man and in particular of the amoebae [see this Review, 

 Ser. B, V, p. 151]. His o"\;mi experiments have been undertaken 

 with the object of determining within what limits flies can be efficient 

 carriers of the principal intestinal Protozoa that they are liable to ingest 

 while feeding upon faecal matter, including the dysenteric amoebae, 

 Entamoeba coli and Lamblia (Giardia) intestinalis. In default of more 

 particularly coprophagous species such as Calliphora, Lucilia, 

 Sarcophaga, etc., the house-fly, Mnsca domestica, was used for these 

 experiments. The results proved that these flies cannot act as vectors 

 of the principal intestinal Protozoa except under very limited conditions. 

 If the cysts ingested by the flies with human excreta are to reach 

 the human organism with sufficient vitality to propagate the 

 infection, the excreta of the flies must be deposited directly into 

 a liquid or on moist food. Cysts deposited on dry matter are destined 

 to almost immediate destruction. For this reason the flies that are 

 carriers of the Protozoa also contribute in a large measure to their 

 destruction, by ^vithdrawing them from the only media in which they 

 can exist. 



HoussAY (B. A.). Sur les Propri6t6s h^molytiques, fermentatives et 

 toxiques des Extraits d'Araign^es. [On the haemolytic, fermenta- 

 tive and toxic Properties of Extracts of Spiders.]— i5i//?. Soc. Path. 

 Exot., Paris, xi, no. 3, 13th March 1918, pp. 217-239. 



This paper describes various experiments to test the toxic properties 

 of extracts of various venemous spiders ; these include Araneus 

 erythromela, Holmb., A. audax, Black, and Latrodectns mactans, F. 

 Toxicity, while perhaps due in part to poison secreted in the glands, 

 is nevertheless chiefly if not exclusively due to the eggs, an intravenous 

 injection of 5 to 10 eggs being sufficient to kill a rabbit. The various 

 effects of the bites of different species of spiders on man are reviewed. 



