116 



Parker (R. R.)- Data concerning Flies that Frequent Privy Vaults in 

 Montana (Dip.). — Entom. News, Philadelphia, Pa., xxix, no. 4, 

 April 1918, pp. 143-146. 



During the fly investigations of the season 1914, experiments were 

 conducted to determine the species of flies frequenting privy vaults. 

 For this purpose a trap was constructed to cover the entire back of 

 a privy, the vault of which was open in the rear, and excavated to a 

 depth of about 3 ft. The seats were uncovered and the door always 

 open. The flies entered by the doorway and the open seats and could 

 leave by the same way, though if they attempted to escape by way of 

 the vault, they were captured by the trap. 



The total number of flies taken was nearly 10,000 (9676) and included 

 26 species comprising Muscids 13, Anthomyids 4, Sarcophagids 3, 

 Syrphids 2, Tachinids 1, Culicids 2, Ortalids 1. 



It was found that in all species the females greatly j)redominated, 

 Lucilia sericata, Mg., being present in the ratio of 678 females to 1 male, 

 L. caesar, L., yielding no males, and Musca domestica showing 3 times, 

 as many females as males. For this reason, any bait that will attract 

 more females should be considered more efl&cient than one which 

 attracts equal numbers of both sexes, a satisfactory one of this- 

 nature being a combination of beer and oatmeal. 



As regards numbers, Fannia scalaris, F., was the most abundant 

 species, being a prolific breeder in latrines. Muscina stabidans, Fall.,, 

 was unexpectedly abundant (16 '27 per cent, of the total); this is 

 important, since this is almost the only fly found in houses at some 

 seasons of the year, while Musca domestica constituted only 9 '03 per 

 cent, of the whole. Phormia terraenovae, Desv., P. regina, Mg., 

 and Calliphora spp., which were all poorly represented, are numerous in. 

 houses at certain times, where, however, they do not seem to frequent 

 food, but are found commonly on windows. 



Species reared from material from the same vault during the period 

 of the experiment were : — Fannia scalaris, Ophyra leucostoma, Limosina 

 sp., Rhegmoclema atrata, and Nemopoda cylitidrica; while Desmomeiopa. 

 latipes and Leria serrata were reared from material taken from deep 

 vaults. 



Control experiments wdth out-of-door traps baited with human 

 excrement gave the following results: — Musca do^nestica 21 '81 per 

 cent. ; Muscina stahulans, 21 '26 ; Lucilia sericata, 26'07 ;. L. caesar, 

 3*31 ; Phormia regina, 11*66 ; P. terraenovae, '07 ; CalUphora spp.^ 

 1'34 ; Ophyra leucostotna, "21 ; undetermined Anthomyids, 5 '25 ; 

 Sarcophagids, 8 '75. 



WiLLouGHBY (Major W. G.) & Cassidy (Capt. L.). Anti-Malaria Work 

 in Macedonia among British Troops. — London, H. K. Lewis & 

 Co. Ltd., 1918, 68 j)p., 13 plates, 1 fig., crown 8vo. Price 

 3s. Qd. net. 



This booklet is a record of personal and practical experience in auti- 

 malarial work carried on in and near the front in Macedonia. While 

 this work has shown improved results in 1917 compared with those of 

 1916, the continued prevalence of much malaria is a matter for regret. 

 A brief description is given of mosquitos and their connection with 



