121 



Equine piroplasmosis, the only disease in connection with which 

 an insect vector is mentioned, was studied at the Macedonian front, 

 where it is said to occur chiefly from June to August, causing death 

 in some cases. The tick, Dermacentor venustus, is stated to have been 

 found on all animals. Horses picketed in damp locaUties suffered 

 most. In the Second Bulgarian Army during the spring and summer 

 of 1916 out of 1,500 horses belonging to five units about 200 were 

 affected and about 40 died. 



BiSHOPP (F. C). Fleas and their Control.— Z7. ;S. Dept. Agric, 

 Washington, D.C., Farmers' Bull. 897, October 1917, 15 pp., 5 figs. 

 [Received 5th April 1918.] 



The subject matter of this bulletin has already been noticed [see 

 this Review, Ser. B, iv, pp. 4, 34]. 



BiSHOPP (F. C), Mitchell (J. D.) & Barman (D. C). Screw-worms 

 and other Maggots affecting Animals.— C/. *S. Dept. Agric, Wash- 

 ington, B.C., Farmers' Bull. 857, September 1917, 20 pp., 8 figs. 

 [Received 5th April 1918.] 



The screw- worm fly, Chrysomyia macellaria, F., which is a native 

 of the New World, occurring from the extreme south of South America 

 as far north as Canada, is the most important pest of cattle and other 

 domestic animals in the south-western United States, wild deer and 

 even human beings being often infested also. 



The character of injury and losses due to this pest, together with an 

 account of its life-history and the means to be adopted for its control, 

 have already been noticed [see this Review, Ser. B., iii, p. 160]. For 

 destroying the maggots in a wound nothing better than chloroform 

 has been found. The dead or comatose maggots should be removed 

 with forceps, the wound cleaned with 5 per cent, carbolic acid, and pine 

 tar apphed as a repellent. Tannic acid dusted over the wound will 

 check bleeding and make it less attractive to flies. The former exten- 

 sive use of calomel in wounds is now practically discontinued. 



NicLOT (— ). A propos de la Density Anoph61ienne, en MatiSre de 

 Paludlsme. [Concerning Anopheline Density in Regard to Malaria.] 

 C. R. Soc. Biol, Paris, Ixxxi, no. 5, 9th March 1918, pp. 271-272. 



In this paper, read at a meeting of the Reunion Biologique d' Athenes, 

 the view is expressed that the density of Anopheline mosquitos is the 

 factor that governs the incidence of malaria, at any rate in the Medi- 

 terranean basin. 



The science of epidemics from the point of view of time must take 

 into account years of severe malarial outbreak such as 1904 in Algeria, 

 where the annual and also the multiannual Anopheline and malarial 

 curves are found to coincide. A dense Anopheline population is 

 necessary to cause malaria on account of the small percentage of infec- 

 ted females, which explains the evolution of multiannual outbreaks, 

 though other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the 

 relative immunity and the movements of the civil and mihtary 

 population. 



(C473) B 



