136 



larval and pupal stages, it is stated that the cause of death is not a. 

 simple mechanical suffocation such as occurs when the breathing 

 pores are stopped. It is suggested that the surface of the siphons 

 and respiratory organs is covered with an epithelial membrane that 

 has a special chemical affinity for petroleum. This membrane is 

 not stained with watery dye solutions, but is very easily stained with 

 petroleum solutions of dyes. It is therefore quite unnecessary to 

 cover the water with a thick layer of petroleum, 26 c.c. of kerosene 

 per square metre being sufficient to destroy almost all larva and 

 pupae during the summer. The larvae and pupae were more resistant 

 in the late autumn [see also this Review, Ser. B, v, p. 54]. 



KtJLz (L.). Beitrage zur Pathologie und Therapie des Ruckfallfiebers. 



[Contributions to the Pathology and Treatment of Recurrent 

 Fever.] — Archiv.f. Schiffs-u. Trojpen-Hyg.,Lei'pzic, xxi, no. 11-12, 

 June 1917, pp. 181-188. 



Observations on recurrent fever among German troops, among 

 Turks on the Persian front, and among Rumanians in Macedonia, 

 Serbia and the Dobrudja, are recorded. Though lice are the only 

 known vectors, the author suggests that fleas may also be concerned. 

 Whilst typhus was stamped out by strict measures against lice, recur- 

 rent fever on several occasions continued to occur after lice had been 

 eradicated, the only vermin present being fleas. 



Deeivaux (R. C), Taylor (H. A.) & Haas (T. D.). Malaria Control : 

 a Report of Demonstration Studies conducted in Urban and Rural 

 Sections. — [/. /S. P;^6^ic Health Service, Washington, D.C., Public 

 Health Bull. no. 88, September 1917, 57 pp., 30 figs, 4 maps. 

 [Received 6th May 1918.] 



The town unit selected for the demonstration of malaria control 

 by the application of anti-mosquito measures was Crossett, a small 

 township of 2,029 inhabitants built about 16 years ago in a rich pine 

 region in south-eastern Arkansas. The town occupies an area of 

 1 mile by ^ mile and is divided into symmetrical blocks by streets 

 and avenues, 90 ft. wide. 



A sanitary census and a history index of malaria were taken at the 

 beginning of operations, a search being made at the same time for 

 artificial containers serving, or hkely to serve, as temporary breeding 

 places of mosquitos. Malaria has constituted about 60 per cent, of 

 all illness in and about the township, though of recent years a progres- 

 sive decrease, both in the number of cases and the severity of the type, 

 has occurred, pernicious forms and haemoglobinuric fever being now 

 uncommon, whereas formerly both were fairly frequent. 



The town has had exceptional facilities for mosquito propagation 

 in the form of street ditches serving as gutters and storm-sewers, 

 artificial ponds of several acres near the lumber mills, borrow-pits 

 along railways, numerous water-barrels placed throughout the lumber 

 mills and yards for fire protection, and the usual containers found 

 on private premises. 



Control measures, begun in April 1916, included the treatment of 

 old streams and ditches by the removal of all over-hanging trees, etc., 

 for a distance of 2 to 8 ft. from both banks, the clearing and recutting 



