139 



It has frequently been found that this second crop of spirochaetes 

 disappears more or less completely, and 6 or 7 days later a repetition 

 of the above events occurs. In other words regular relapses appear 

 to take place in the body of the tick, corresponding with the appearance 

 and disappearance of the spirochaetes, just as in the case of the warm- 

 blooded host. 



Carpenter (G. H.) & Pollard (F. J. S.). The Presence of Lateral 

 Spiracles in the Larva of Hijpoderma. — Proc. R. Irish. Acad. , Dublin, 

 xxxiv, sect. B, no. 4, April 1918, pp 73-84, 22 figs. 



The larvae of most Coleoptera and Lepidoptera possess paired 

 functional spiracles on one or more of the thoracic, and on the abdo- 

 minal segments from the first to the eighth inclusive. This peripneustic 

 type is modified in the Diptera, in which the breathing holes are 

 restricted to a large pair at the hinder end of the abdomen, a minute 

 prothoracic pair being also sometimes present. These metapneustic 

 and amphipneustic types are the result of reduction correlated with 

 the mode of life of Dipterous larvae such as those of the Culicidae and 

 of Eristalis. 



Hence the interest attaching to the presence of a paired series of 

 spiracles in the fourth-stage larvae of Hypoderma bovis, De G. (ox 

 warble-fly), H. lineatum, Villers, and Oedemagena tarandi, L. (reindeer 

 warble-fly), which are typically metapneustic in accordance with 

 their mode of life. These live just beneath the skin of the backs of 

 cattle, the large dorso-posterior spiracular plates being situated imme- 

 diately below the breathing hole bored by them through the hide and 

 the head end being buried in the subcutaneous tissue absorbing the 

 fluid-products of the inflammation set up in the warble induced by 

 their presence. 



Sergent (Et.). Une H6mogregarine de Vipera libetina, L., d'Algerie. 

 D6but de I'Evolution de cette H6mogr6garine chez un Acarien. 



[A Haemogregarine of Vipera libetina, L., of Algeria and the 

 Beginning of its Development in an Acarid.] — Bull. Soc. Path. 

 ExoL, Paris, xi, no. 4, 10th April 1918, pp. 278-281, 2 figs. 



Twenty individuals of Vipera libetina, the blood of which was 

 examined for Haemogregarines, were found to harbour numerous 

 ectoparasites hidden under the scales that were identified as a Gamasid 

 mite, Ophionyssns natricis, Gerv. The intestinal tubes of these mites 

 frequently contained the red blood-corpuscles and the Haemogre- 

 garines infesting their vertebrate host. The development of the latter 

 in the Acarid has not been followed. 



Sergent (Edm.) & Sergent (Et.). Disparition de la Virulence du 

 Plasmodium relictum chez le Moustique apres plusieurs Mois 

 d'Hibernation. [Disappearance of the Virulence of Plasmodium 

 relictum in the Mosquito after several Months of Hibernation.] — 

 Bidl. Soc, Path. ExoL, Paris, xi, no. 4, 10th April 1918, p. 281. 



Referring to a recent paper on the loss during hibernation of the 

 power of malarial Anophelines to transmit infection [see this Review, 

 Ser. B, vi, p. 101], the authors record a case observed in Algiers in 



