]62 



diseases. The style is simple and clear, with many illustrations, 

 and the information given should be of value to colonists and planters 

 in all parts of Africa. 



The various chapters are devoted to an explanation of the mosquito 

 danger, a description of the morphology and biology of mosquitos, 

 methods of protection against them and recommendations for 

 combating them, etc. The successful results of recent control 

 campaigns, and notably that in the Panama Canal Zone, are quoted. 

 A two-page summary indicates the most essential precautions against 

 mosquitos that should be taken by every inhabitant of the country. 

 A comprehensive bibliography of recent literature on the subject 

 is included, and an appendix contains a key to the African species 

 of Anophelines, with their geographical distribution. 



Waterston (J.). On the Mosquitos of Macedonia. — Bull. Entom. 

 Research, London, ix, part 1, May 1918, pp. 1-12, 5 figs. 



This is a preliminary report dealing with the species of mosquitos 

 met with in Macedonia by the British Malaria Commission during the 

 latter half of 1917. Natural enemies of mosquitos observed during 

 these investigations include swallows, some of the smaller waders, 

 such as Tringa (Tetanus) ochropus, T. hypoleucus and Aegialitis minor, 

 and various small species of fish. Under laboratory conditions many 

 insect larvae collected mth those of mosquitos were predatory on 

 the latter, e.g., various Odonata, Ephemerids, Chrysops, Nepa cinerea 

 and Notonecta glauca. Adult dragonflies also destroyed a good 

 many mosquitos. Towards the end of the season larvae become 

 badly overgrown with colonies of Vorticella and occasional mosquitos 

 with acari on them were captured. 



Anopheles maculipennis, Mg., was found everywhere throughout 

 the season, the numbers varying considerably. Towards the end 

 of August and throughout September, this species gradually declined, 

 giving place to A. palestinensis, but whether the abundance of the 

 latter species has any direct relation to the rise in the incidence of 

 subtertian malaria is still undetermined. The larvae of A. maculi- 

 'pennis proved to be very resistant to cold, and after immersion in 

 water that froze into a solid block of ice, were resuscitated on 

 exposure to sunshine. A. bifurcatus, L., was discovered in a variety 

 of localities, but was nowhere numerous. In its early stages this 

 species is cannibalistic, full-grown larvae devouring those of the 

 1st and 2nd instars. A. poXesiinensis, Theo. {Pyretophorus nursei, 

 Theo., P. cardamitisi, Newst. & Cart.), of which A. superpictus var. 

 macedoniensis [see this Review, Ser. B, vi, p. 72] is also a synonym, 

 according to Cot and Hovasse is the chief autumnal species in some 

 localities and probably throughout Macedonia generally. A. sinensis, 

 Wied. {psendopictus, Grassi) is essentially a lacustrine breeder and is 

 only occasionally taken at any distance from standing water. This 

 species breeds until late in the season. 



Stegomyia Jasciaki, F., is said to be exceedingly abundant within 

 the town of Salonika, particularly in buildings. How far inland this 

 species occurs is not known. Ochlerotatus dorsalis, Mg., is annoying 

 and persistent in houses, hospitals, etc., although no breeding-places 

 were discovered within a distance of | of a mile. Taeniorhynchus 



