163 



richiardii, Fie, was taken only occasionally near Karasouli. Two 

 species of the genus TheobaMia were found ; the first was unmistakably 

 T. longiareolata, Mcq. ; the second is provisionally identified as 

 T. annulata, Schrank. Culex mimeticus, Noe, a stream-breeder, was 

 found in various nullahs but has not been known to bite. C. fifiens, 

 L., is apparently the most widely distributed mosquito in Macedonia, 

 and is found in both clear and foul water. A reserve tank of water 

 that had been stored throughout the summer had been oiled from the 

 early months till August. In September chlorinating was substituted 

 for oiling, and shortly afterwards larvae were observed moving at the 

 surface. C. pipiens was also found breeding in low marshy ground near 

 the sea, but exact tests have not yet been made of the salinity of the 

 water in which it occurred. C. hortensis, Fie, was found in tents, 

 etc., with C. pipiens, though on one occasion only was an apparently 

 blood-gorged female observed ; this has been previously recorded 

 as a sylvan species, not attacking animals or man, nor occurring in 

 houses. 



Uranotaenia unguiculata, Edw., has been observed in several 

 localities. It is the only species of this genus found in the Palaearctic 

 region, and these records form a considerable extension westward 

 of its ascertained range. 



Illingworth (J. F.). The Australian Sheep-fly in Hawaii. — Proc. 



Hawaiian Entom. Soc. for the Year 1917, Honolulu, iii, no. 5, 

 April 1918, p. 429. 



The author records having bred a screw-worm fly in abundance 

 from dead cats and rats in Hawaii, which has proved to be identical 

 with Chrysomyia {Calliphora) rufifacies, the common sheep-fly of 

 Australia. The development of this species is very rapid in Hawaii ; 

 in an animal exposed on 16th July, larvae hatched on the following 

 morning and were ready to enter the soil and pupate 3 days later. 

 The pupal stage lasts about 6 days. 



Bridwell (J. C). Certain Aspects of Medical and Sanitary Entomology 

 in Hawaii. — ^ Separate from Trans. Med. Soc. Hawaii for 

 1916-17, Honolulu, March 1918, pp. 27-32. 



Before the advent of the Polynesian race, the Hawaiian Islands 

 possessed no mammalian land fauna except a bat and possibly a 

 rat, and consequently were entirely free from insects and ticks that 

 •could transmit human disease". All the present insect enemies of 

 man have been introduced into these islands by man himself. 



Only three species of mosquitos are at present known in the Islands, 

 viz. : — Sfegomyiafaseiata, the transmitter of yellow fever ; S. albopicta 

 [scutellaris)', and Culex fafigans, believed on good evidence to be the 

 transmitter of dengue, and one of the transmitters of filariasis. 



It is noteworthy that in the Islands there exist the mosquito of yellow 

 fever, but not the pathogenic organism ; the organism of malaria 

 in the blood of many of the residents, but not the mosquito ; and in 

 the case of dengue and filariasis both the organism and the mosquito. 

 Much valuable anti-mosquito work has recently been done in the 

 introduction of top minnows and the extensive destruction of breeding 

 places. Further work might be done with no great difficulty or 



