168 



Mosquito Control in New Jersey. — Proc. 2nd, 3rd & 4th Ann. Meetings 

 New Jersey Mosquito Extermination Assoc, 1915, 1916, & 1917, 

 Trenton, N.J., 500 pp. 35 figs. [Received 24th June 1918.] 



These papers discuss the problems of mosquito control peculiar 

 to the various counties of New Jersey, and while many of them deal 

 with purely local measures, such subjects as the general principles 

 of salt-marsh drainage, circulation of water on drained salt-marshes, 

 essential steps in upland mosquito control in both city and country, 

 may be quoted as being of general interest. The problems are being 

 attacked with the greatest energy and thoroughness ; above all, the 

 need for education of the general public in the essential measures of 

 control is insisted upon. 



Carter (H. R.). The Malaria Problem of the South. — Proc. 4th Ann. 

 Meeting New Jersey Mosquito Extermination Assoc, Trenton, N.J., 

 1917, pp. 81-93. 



In those parts of the south and south-western States where malaria 

 is prevalent, it is the most important sanitary problem that exists, 

 and stands foremost in the list of diseases injuring the community. 

 It is in the loss of efl&ciency rather than in the loss of life that the 

 greatest danger of malaria lies, a death from malaria generally 

 corresponding to from 2,000 to 4,000 days of sickness, as compared 

 with a few hundred days in other serious illnesses such as typhoid 

 or even tuberculosis. The extent of an epidemic of malaria and the 

 number of people attacked is appalling as compared with other diseases. 

 One per cent, of typhoid is considered a bad epidemic, but 40 to 60 

 per cent, of a population per annum is not uncommon for malaria. 

 Yet the importance of its control has only recently been recognised. 

 The area in which malaria prevails is steadily decreasing, chiefly 

 owing to prosperity among the farming classes, which entails better 

 clearing and better draining of the land, and also to the fall in the 

 price of quinine. The author considers drainage, and especially tile 

 drainage, to be the key to the rural malaria problem. 



He postulates the objects of malaria control as the elimination of 

 Anopheline mosquitos, the protection of man from the attacks of 

 Anophelines, elimination of malaria parasites from all communities, 

 and the immunisation of men against infection by means of quinine. 

 Of these, the first method alone is absolutely effective, but is not 

 always economically possible. The control of Anophehne breeding- 

 places is practically the same everywhere and differs only in that 

 different species occur in different localities. In the author's opinion 

 this method is the most effective, as although it entails a heavy initial 

 outlay, it is the safest to the community and the expense is very 

 soon justified by the results obtained. Several instances are given 

 illustrating the enormous increase in efficiency and the consequent 

 economy resulting from mosquito extermination. Demonstrations 

 in the United States have shown 'that the control of malaria is not 

 only feasible but profitable, and when this is widely known and believed 

 it is hoped that each unit will work for itself and that the problem 

 of malaria control ^vill be solved. 



